143 
Inside of this is a zigzag line of slate or mostly black at the costal 
end. The underside of the fore wings have the same marks as the 
male, but the apex, and sometimes other places, tinged with greenish 
or ochre yellow. The hind wings show only a little of the marks of 
the upper side, but the veins are all margined broadly by ochre yellow 
that sometimes has a greenish tinge. 
Pieris oleracea, Bd. The Turnip Butterfly. 
I do not know that this Butterfly is found to any extent in 
this State, but it is widely distributed over the northern portion of 
the United States, and is well known to be destructive to turnips, 
cabbages, etc. Dr. Harris’ description of the insect is as follows : 
“About the last of May and the beginning of June it is seen flut¬ 
tering over cabbage, radish and turnip beds and patches of mustard 
for the purpose of depositing its eggs. These are fastened to the 
undersides of the leaves, and but seldom more than three or four are 
left upon one leaf. The eggs are yellowish, nearly pear-shaped, longi¬ 
tudinally ribbed, and are one-fifteenth of an inch in length. They 
are hatched in a week or ten days after they are laid, and the cater¬ 
pillars produced from them attain their full size when about three 
weeks old, and then measure about one inch and a half in length. 
Being of a pale green color, they are not easily distingushed from the 
ribs of the leaves beneath which they live. They do not devour the 
leaves at its edge, but begin indiscriminately upon any part of its 
underside through which they eat irregular holes. 
When they have completed the feeding stage they quit the plants 
and retire beneath palings, or the edges of stones, or into the Inters¬ 
tices of walls, where they spin a little tuft of silk, entangle the hooks 
of their hindermost feet in it, and then proceed to form a loop to sus¬ 
tain the fore part of their body in a horizontal or vertical position. 
On the next day it casts off its caterpillar skin and becomes a crysa- 
lis. This is sometimes of a pale green and sometimes of a white 
color, regularly and finely dotted with black ; the sides of the body 
are angular, the head is surmounted by a conical tubercle, and over 
the fore part of the body corresponding to the thorax of the included 
butterfly is a thin projection having in profile some resemblance to a 
Roman nose.” 
The crysalis state of the earlier broods lasts ten or twelve days, but 
the last brood do not come out till the following spring. Both wings 
of the butterfly are white without spots but dusky next to the body. 
The underside of the wings are sometimes quite variable, the tips of 
the fore wings being greenish or lemon-yellow, with the veins of that 
portion bordered with gray scales, and the hind wings covered all over 
with these two colors; or they may be less intense, though the gray 
scales along the veins in the hind wings is usually very distinct. The 
body is a little lighter than the preceding species, and the attennae 
are tipped with light yellow instead of white. The expanse of the 
wings is about an inch and three-fourths. 
Remedy .—The same remedies may be used that were spoken of in 
connection with the Southern Cabbage Butterfly, as the habits of the 
