186 
rose bushes, it has done very little damage, and the pretty caterpillar 
has ceased to be known by the masses as an enemy to be dreaded, but 
is rather an object of curiosity. They have been so scarce the past 
season that I only found two myself, and four more w^ere brought to 
me by those curious to know what they were. This condition in 
the history of an insect so injurious at times and so widely distrib¬ 
uted, is due to the number of insect foes it has. Dr. Fitch describes 
two and Prof. Riley seven more parasites that prey upon it. 
The caterpillar is of a bright yellow color, sparingly clothed with 
long and fine yellow hairs on 
the sides of the body, and 
having four short and thick 
brush-like yellowish tufts on 
the back on the fourth, fifth, 
sixth and seventh segments. 
On the first segment are two 
long, black, pencils of hairs 
that extend forward, some- 
Fig. 37-Larva of White-marked Tussock Moth. what diverging. From the 
top of the eleventh segment is a single black pencil extending back¬ 
ward. Head and two little retractile -warts on the ninth and tenth 
segments coral red, and a narrow dorsal stripe of black or dark brown, 
with a wider lateral stripe a little lighter. 
There are two broods of the w r orm, in June and September. They 
feed upon the leaves of apple, rose, oak, maple, elm, plum, pear, horse- 
chestnut, black walnut, larch and spruce. The cocoon is attached to 
a leaf, which is also attached by silken threads to the twig. The 
moths issue from the cocoons in about ten days from the time the 
larva enters the chrysalis state. The males have ashen gray wings, 
crossed by wavy, darker bands on the fore wings, on each of which is 
a small black spot near the apex, and a small white crescent near the 
hind angle. The body is small and slender, with a row of little tufts 
along the back. Antennae, broadly pectinate. The female is w r ing- 
less (having the mere rudiments of wings) ; body very thick, oblong, 
oval; antennae small, and the legs weak. Male expands a little more 
than an inch. 
Remedies .—Where they become numerous, the best time to destroy 
them is in the egg state, as the female deposits her eggs on the outside 
of her cocoon, they can be easily destroyed; as it is in this state that 
they pass the winter, and the cocoons can be seen when the trees are 
without their foliage. In destroying the cocoons care should be taken 
to destroy only those containing egg masses on the outside, as the 
others are either empty male cocoons or those that contain useful 
parasites. When the worms are found to be in possession of a tree or 
bush, from which it is desirable to dislodge them, shaking will bring 
them to the ground, when they may be destroyed. 
