224 
Remedies —This insect is widely distributed, and under ordinary 
chances for its development is kept from becoming excessively num¬ 
erous by the insect parasites that prey upon it. If, as is sometimes 
the case, it be developed in great numbers because of favorable cir¬ 
cumstances, little can be done to fight it in the worm state,'but the 
full brood that pass the winter in the chrysalis state may be destroyed 
by plowing and harrowing the ground late in the fall. This will 
break up the earthy cell or cocoon that is around the chrysalis, and 
allow the latter to be mixed with the loose dirt. The rains will cause 
this to stick to the chrysalis, and that, in connection with the freezing 
that follows, will cause them to perish. 
Leucania (Heliophila) phragmitidicola, Guen. 
This species, found more or less common in Illinois, resembles the 
preceding, but differs as follows : The fore wings are rather dark straw 
color, with an indistinct dark stripe through the center, and the outer 
margin a little darker than the general color. The median vein and 
all the veins in the outer third of the wing are whitish, while be¬ 
tween the veins in the outer half are faint dark lines. The larva is 
striped, more robust than the Army-worm or the preceding, and feeds 
on grass. 
Leucania (Heliophila) unipuncta, How—The Army Worm Moth. 
This insect is found both in the larva and moth state, more or less 
common every season, but it is not usual for it to appear in sufficient 
numbers as to do very much damage to crops, only at intervals of sev¬ 
eral years. This is owing, in part, to a want of proper climatic influ¬ 
ences for its development, and to the destruction of the broods suc¬ 
ceeding these great migratory hordes by the rapid multiplication of 
its insect parasites. 
There are two, and probably in the latitudes of Southern Illinois, 
three broods of the worms in a season ; the first, or spring brood, that 
produces moths in June; second, a brood of worms that produces 
moths the last of July or the fore part of August; the third brood 
would be found the last of August or in September. The last brood 
pass the winter either in the chrysalis or moth state. At present the 
evidence seems to indicate that they do not hibernate uniformly in 
either of these methods. The capture of faded and rubbed speci¬ 
mens in the winter or early spring would indicate, as has been 
claimed by Prof. Riley, that they issue from the chrysalids in the fall, 
but I have taken fresh specimens in April which would indicate 
that if, as is intimated in the sixth report, they do hibernate as 
moths, they may also pass the winter as chrysalids. The moths, 
after pairing, deposit the eggs between the sheath and stalks of 
grass or secrete them in the folds of the blade. 
