261 
teeth on the back, by means of which it is enabled to partly push it¬ 
self out of its cocoon, when the time arrives for the moth to emerge. 
In about two weeks from the time the worm has changed to a chrysa¬ 
lis, the moth comes out and is ready to provide for the same round of 
changes, there being two broods in a season. This brood of the moths 
appears the latter part of July or the first of August. The eggs are 
deposited as before and the worms when hatched burrow in the ap¬ 
ples in the same manner as the fruit brood but the apples are larger 
and but few of them at this time fall off from the effects of the 
worms, the most of them remaining on the trees until they are har¬ 
vested. Some of the worms however, reach their maturity before the 
apples are gathered and spin up in cracks and crevices, but many of 
them are still in the apples when harvested and come out and make 
their cocoons in cracks of boxes and bins in the cellars or barns where 
the apples are stowed, or in the crevices or under the hoops of barrels, 
where they pass the winter to make the first brood of moths of the 
following year. Unlike most larvae, however, that come to their ma¬ 
turity. in the fall these worms do not change to chrysalids in the fall 
but hibernate in the larva state in their cocoons, undergoing the 
transformation in the spring. 
Pears and crab apples are subject to the attacks of the same worm 
but it is not known that they enter Jhe peach or any other stone 
fruit. 
Remedies .—The time to begin fighting these pests of the orchards 
is in early spring before the worms undergo their transformations in 
their cocoons and the moths emerge ; and the place, where the apples 
have been stored. As a general thing the birds that remain through 
the winter will hunt out and destroy nearly all of the larvae that left 
the apples before they were taken from the orchard, but those that 
were taken to barns and cellars in the apples will be found spun up 
in cracks and crevices of boxes and bins or about the barrels that had 
contained the apples and if these are not destroyed their progeny 
alone would destroy a.large precentage of the fruit of the coming 
season. When it is remembered that the eggs from a single female 
will cause at least two hundred apples to prematurely fall to the 
ground the thoroughness with which this work should be done is evi¬ 
dent. The.cocoons in barrels may be destroyed by immersing them 
for a few minutes in hot water. Boxes and bins should be thoroughly 
examined and the cocoons crushed. 
The second time is when the apples begin to fall to the ground, and 
the. warfare should be continued from this time through the summer. 
This may be done in two ways : first, the apples that fall to the ground 
should be picked up, either by stock running in the orchard or gath¬ 
ered and fed to stock. By this means most of the worms will be des¬ 
troyed before they leave the apples, but there will still be some that 
will escape. As these usually seek the body of the tree to pupate 
they may be entrapped here. The means usually adapted for this, is 
to put a band of twisted hay two or three times about the tree, under 
which the worms will be pretty sure to go to form their cocoons. 
These should be moved up or down as often as once in a week or ten 
days and the cocoons crushed. Instead of the hay band, old cloths 
hung in the crotches of the trees will serve as traps, especially i f the 
tree is kept smooth and free from the rough bark so that they find no 
