18 
THE WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY • Vol 124. No. I. March 2012 
42505-42507), and JNP (Borges et al. 2001, 
Borges 2007). It is replaced by P. a. flavirosiris in 
the Napo and Imeri AOEs and by P. a. marine 
south of the Solimdes (Haffer 1974). There is 
some evidence of hybridization between marine and 
azara near the mouth of the Purus River (Haffer 
1974: 222-223). This Aracari has been recorded in 
both terrafinne and Hooded forests in JNP (Borges 
et al. 2001. Borges and Almeida 2011). 
Lafresnaye's Piculet (Picumnus lafresnayi 
pusillus Pinto 1936). P. pusillus was described 
from Codajas on the left margin of the Rio 
Solimdes. by Pinto (1936). This taxon was later 
reassigned as a subspecies of P. aurifrons 
(Peters 1948). Recent taxonomy considered 
pusillus as a subspecies of Picumnus lafresnayi 
(Winkler et al. 1995, Winkler and Christie 
2002). P. lafresnayi forms a superspecies with 
P. puniilus that is apparently restricted to 
southern Venezuela and northwestern Brazil 
(Winkler and Christie 2002). There are six 
MZUSP specimens identified as P. I. pusilus 
collected in the Manacapuru region (MZUSP 
16614-16619). The plumage of a single speci¬ 
men collected in JNP and deposited in the INPA 
Bird Collection matched better with P. /. 
pusillus than with P. puniilus. The geographical 
distribution of pusillus appears to be restricted 
to the region west of the lower Rio Negro being 
replaced by P. puniilus in the Imeri AOK 
(Fig. 2). P. I. pusillus has been found mainly 
in Hooded forests and secondary growth in 
20fl)( B ° rgeS Ct al ' 2 ° 01, Borges and Almeida 
Ruddy Spinetail ( SynaJlaxis rutihms confin 
Zimmer 1935). This subspecies was describe 
from specimens collected in Igarape Caca 
Pereira in the lower portion of Rio Negro. It , 
replaced by S. r. dissors on the left margin of Ri 
Negro, which has been found in Manaus and i 
the upper Rio Negro at Sao Gabriel da Cachoeir 
and along the Casiquiare channel (Friedman 
1948 Pinto 1978). A better delimitation of th 
distribution of S. r . eonfinis will require specime 
collections south of die Negro and Uaupes riven 
p '• “ >,ir,,,is is replaced in Napo AGE (easier 
Ecuador and northeastern Peru) by ,V. r. caque 
south onhe's AOE ,upper 
by * r - 
(ms) L F nTZ 
moborus myotherinus and concluded that arde- 
siacus was a diagnosable taxon This subspecies 
was described from Manacapuru and has been 
recorded in Igarape Cacau Pereira. Santa Maria. 
Codajas (Zimmer 1932, Pinto 1978), Mania 
(MPEG 42654-42672), and Jau National Park 
(MPEG 50614—50620). and is replaced in Imeri 
and Napo by M. tn. elegans and in Inambari by M. 
m. myotherinus (Haffer and Fitzpatrick 1985). 
This antbird has been recorded in mature upland 
forest, white-sand campinaranas, and secondary 
growth forest in JNP (Borges et al. 2001. Borges 
and Almeida 201 I). 
Another seven avian taxa also are apparently 
restricted to centra I-western Amazonia: Anuizona 
autumnaUs diadema. Braehygalbula lugubm 
phaeonota, Nunnula rubecula simidatrix, Hyki 
estastes stresemanni stresemanni . Sc!erunts rufi- 
gularis hrunnescens, Myrmoborus lugubris Stic- 
top terns, and Hylophylax naevius ohscunts. These 
subspecies, however, are known only from a few 
specimens and their taxonomic status and distri¬ 
bution needs additional evaluation. 
Napo and Imeri Areas of Endemism.— The Imeri 
and Napo areas of endemism were supported by 21 
and 56 avian taxa as originally described (Haffer 
1978. Cracraft 1985). An updated distributional 
and taxonomic assessment decreased these num¬ 
bers to six species (or subspecies) endemic to linen 
and 42 endemic to the Napo AOE (Appendix). 
Several bird species previously thought to be 
restricted to the upper reaches of the Rio Negro 
have had their geographical distribution extended 
southward and to northern Peru (Borges et al 
2001, Alonso and Whitney 2003, Borges and 
Almeida 201 I). Other Imeri birds are restricted to 
the northwestern portion of the Amazon Basin 
with no confirmed records in the lower reach ol 
the Rio Negro or northern Peru. Most species 
restricted to Imeri AOE are specialists in white 
sand campinas (Cyanocorax helprirti and Myrvu- 
eiza pelzelni ), montane and pre-montanc forests 
(Percnostola caurensis), and flooded forest (77m 
pophaga cherriei) (Zimmer 1999; Hilty 2003: 
SMB. unpub], data). 
Similarly, some birds previously thought to be 
endemic to the Napo region had their distributions 
extended east to the Rio Negro, as in the case of 
My mint hernia ignota and Pteroglossus pluricinc- 
tus (Borges and Almeida 2011). Some species are 
even more widespread than previously described, 
but there are species endemic to northwestern 
(Imeri endemics), upper north Amazon (Napo 
