122 
THE WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY • Vol 124. No. 1. March 2012 
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a) 
-O 
E 
12 
10 
8 
6 
4 
2 
0 
□ 2008 
■ 2009 
250 
Months 
-• Number of clutch initiations of Yellowish Pipits across different months through three breeding seasons (2008. 
2009, and 2010), and monthly rainfall. 
to incubate; and (2) the non-incubating individual 
often remained near the nest singing vigorously, 
suggesting it was the male. Males did not feed 
females in the nests in 31 hrs of focal observations 
at nine different nests, bui usually escorted them 
during incubation recesses. Females spent from 
23.2 to 55.8 min incubating the eggs per hr (38 ± 
7.1 min). They left the nests 1-3 times per hr 
(2.2 ± 0.6). and incubation recesses were 3.8 to 
26.3 min in length (9.4 ± 4, n = 53). When 
incubating females were Hushed from nests, they 
performed a ‘broken-wing’ display, vocalizing 
and dragging their wings along the ground in an 
attempt to distract the observers. 
Hatching was synchronous (nests were checked 
from 0900 to 1000 hrs) in 12 of 16 nests. Nestlings 
had yellowish skin and were covered with gray 
down at hatching. The bill and swollen flanges 
were yellow and the mouth lining was blight 
orange. Adults gathered a large number of small 
25 
20 
15 
<a 
-Q 10 
3 
Jul 
Aug 
Sep 
Months 
□ Number of clutch initiations 
□ Number of active nests 
Oct 
JZL 
Nov 
through three breeding sea^oJs'SoOS.^O^und 2010^ ( ' nCUbati ° n and nesllin S stages) of Yellowish Pipits avera: 
