SHORT COMMUNICATIONS 
185 
breeding season (Bolen 1967; JDJ, pers. obs.). This 
may enhance the ability of some females to meet 
the high nutrient demands of producing two 
clinches and rearing these young. 
Similar to geese. Black-bellied Whistling-Ducks 
often remain in family groups through late summer 
after young are Hedged (Bolen 1967). and possibly 
irough the first winter (Cottam and Glazner 1959). 
How double-brooding behavior affects family group 
dynamics and other life history strategies of this 
species remains unknown. Further understanding 
reproductive strategies, including the advantages of 
biparental incubation and brood rearing and the role 
o! nutrient reserves in reproduction, are avenues for 
luture research in this species. 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 
We are grateful lo the Rob and Bessie Welder Wildlife 
foundation lor research support and access lo the study site. 
We also thank the Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research 
ioslimte for additional logistical support and K. G. Erwin 
'' c 'd assistance. This is publication #609 of the Welder 
Wildlife Foundation and #11-120 of the Caesar Kleberg 
Wildlife Research Institute. 
LITERATURE CITED 
RtsNSON, 1 ). and D. D. Foley. 1962. Hatching dates of 
waterfowl in New York. New York Fish and Game 
Journal 9:73-92. 
Rolen, e. G. 1967. The ecology of the Black-bellied Tree 
Duck in southern Texas. Dissertation. Utah State 
University. Logan. USA. 
Cottam. C. and w. C. Glazner. 1959. Late nesting of 
water birds in south Texas. Transactions of the North 
American Wildlife Conference 24:382-395. 
DhLNK’Kl. D. 1; 1973. Rencsting. incubation behavior, and 
compound clutches of the Black-bellied Tree Duck 
in southern Texas. Thesis. Texas Tech University, 
Lubbock. USA. 
HARAMIS. G. M. 1990. Breeding ecology of the Wood 
Duck: a review. Pages 45-60 /// Proceedings of 1988 
North American Wood Duck Symposium (L. H. 
Fredrickson, G. V. Burger. S. P. Havera, D. A. Graber, 
R E. Kirby, and T. S. Taylor. Editors). St. Louis, 
Missouri. USA. 
James, J. D. AND J. E. Thompson. 2001. Black-bellied 
Whistling-Duck (Dendrocygna autumnal is). The birds 
of North America. Number 578. 
Johnson, A. R. and J. C. Barlow. 1971. Notes on the 
nesting of the Black-bellied Tree Duck near Phoenix, 
Arizona. Southwestern Naturalist 15:394-395. 
Olsen, R. E.. T. Yerkes. and J. W. Simpson. 2003. 
Occurrence of second broods in Mallards in the 
Midwest. American Midland Naturalist: 150:302-307. 
Sorenson, L. G.. B. I.. Woodworth, l. M. Rett an, and 
F McKinney. 1992, Serial monogamy and double 
brooding in the White-checked (Bahama) Pintail Anas 
babamensis bohamensis. Wildfowl 43:156-159. 
Tunnel Jr., J w. 2002. Geography, climate, and hydrog¬ 
raphy. Pages 7-27 in The Laguna Madre of Texas and 
Tamaulipas (J. W. Tunnel Jr. and F. W. Judd, Editors). 
Texas A&M University Press, College Station, USA. 
The Wilson Journal of Ornithology 124( I): 185-187, 2012 
First Case of Renesting after Brood Loss by a Greater Prairie-Chicken 
Lance B. McNew 12 and William J. White' 
ABSTRACT.—Production of a second brood, or 
^'“ble brooding, by a single female in one breeding 
' cason has not been reported for any species of grouse 
111 ^orth America. We describe the hreeding history of 
" nc of55 radio-marked female Greater Prairie-Chickens 
1 Tmpanuchus cupido) that successfully renested after 
losing a |, roo[ | f rom a p irM nesting attempt during the 
-hi I breeding season in Kansas. Observations of double 
brooding by grouse might only he possible in areas like 
lile Him Hills of Kansas, where populations have a long 
breeding season in combination with a high rale of 
Division of Biology. Kansas State University. Manhat- 
Utn - KS 66506. USA. ’ 
'Corresponding author; e-mail: lbmcnew@k-state.edu 
brood loss. Received 15 August 2011. Accepted 2R 
October 2011. 
Double-brooding has been defined as the pro¬ 
duction of two broods from two separate nesting 
attempts by a single laying female in one breeding 
season, but may or may not result in two broods 
Hedging (Fredrickson and Hansen 1983). Theo¬ 
retically. the production of second broods should 
increase the lifetime productivity and fitness of 
short-lived species of birds. However, the poten¬ 
tial for birds to produce multiple broods in a sin¬ 
gle season is limited by the length of the nesting 
season, duration of a breeding attempt Irom clutch 
