226 
THE WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY • Vol. 124. No. 2. June 2012 
TABLE 6. Birds captured on cither Star Island (SI) or Appledore Island (AP) and recaptured on the other island. Based 
on banding data from 1999 and 2000. 
Species 
Spring 
Fall 
Totals 
North 
SI to AP 
South 
AP to SI 
North 
SI to AP 
South 
AP to SI 
Northern Flicker 
1 
1 
Eastern Wood-Pewee 
1 
1 
Traill's Flycatcher 
1 
1 
1 
3 
Eastern Phoebe 
1 
1 
Blue-headed Vireo 
1 
1 
2 
Red-eyed Vireo 
1 
1 
4 
6 
Blue Jay 
1 
1 
Red-breasted Nuthatch 
1 
1 
Cedar Waxwing 
1 
2 
3 
Northern Waterthrush 
2 
2 
4 
Black-and-white Warbler 
I 
1 
Nashville Warbler 
1 
] 
•> 
American Redstart 
1 
2 
7 
Northern Parula 
I 
1 
1 
J 
Blackpoll Warbler 
| 
1 
J 
1 
Yellow-rumped Warbler 
1 
2 
7 
Yellow-breasted Chat 
1 
I 
Indigo Bunting 
2 
1 
7 
Purple Finch 
7 
— 
a 
Totals 
7 
8 
23 
4 
j 
42 
Limited crossover was most consistent with 
movements to reorient at sunrise and regain land 
(Wiedner et al. 1992. Murray 1976). compensate 
for wind drift (Baird and Nisbet I960. Moore 
1990), or avoid crossing water (Baird and Nisbet 
1960. Wiedner et al. 1992, Gellin and Morris 
2001). Northward crossovers from Star Island to 
Appledore Island in lall were consistent with 
other northward daytime flights reported at many 
locations on the Atlantic seaboard (Baird and 
Nisbet 1960. Murray 1976. Wiedner et al. 1992) 
CeUin and Morris (2001) found significant 
northward and westward movement of birds 
banded on Appledore Island in the fall. 
CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS 
The notable tall mass gains for Red-eyed Vi 
m this study and on Block Island. Rhode Isl; 
(Parrish 1997), illustrate the availability of ft 
resources for some species on coastal islands. R 
eyed Vircos did not maintain a threshold wei 
dunn g fall stopover on Lake Erie in Canada (Dt 
-001) where there was suitable habitat for inse 
but no mention of fruit. The coastal habitat, wh 
remains Irost-free later into the fall and conta 
many fruit-bearing shrubs that provide a mi 
reliable and less energetically ■expensive' so"! 
of food than insects during the fall (Punish 2000). 
may be important to survival of young birds during 
their first migration. The availability of habitat 
where migrants can meet other physiological needs 
may be as critical as habitat for feeding dining 
stopover (Abom and Moore 2004). The aggrega¬ 
tion ot many sites may provide the critical 
resources coastal migrants require. 
There are few studies with notable mass gains 
in passerines during migration (e.g., Rappole and 
Warner 1976. Winker et al. 1992. Winker 1995b. 
Dunn 2001, this study) and researchers often 
attribute a lack of measurable gains to small 
sample si/.e. high variation in individual condi¬ 
tion. and other factors such as age and sex ot 
individuals (Winker et al. 1992, Winker 1995b. 
Dunn 2001). These factors influence our ability to 
detect gains, but we raise the question of whether 
the typical stopover ecology of these broad front 
migrants contributes to inherently low mass gain. 
It is unlikely that a single location could provide 
adequate resources for all birds with so many 
individuals passing through in a short time. Thus, 
the gradual loss of stopover habitat may have a 
gieater cumulative impact on migrant populations 
than can be easily measured or observed at 
individual stopover sites. 
