258 
THE WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY • Vol. 124. No. 2. June 2012 
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1) in areas with no active nests, panel \ (JO 17 Mav ‘ J ' spt ' rsion 111 relation to female presence: little contagion U 
strong contagion (D t »lj, panc | c (J0 Q Ju| 7 ’■ "J^crate contagion (D, > |). panel B (JO. 22 Jun 1977]). ar 
!l nC . e . mt ! led nearnests ^ nest-building (N nh ) or eeP-lLin,, ? ’‘° Ju " ' 977) ' ln lhe ,ast two cases, male activity 
separated nesLs with eggs (N in > or young (N ) or whh f'lT in COntrasl to lit,le activity in the vicinity of wel 
ma^e lookout singing, flight-singing; 'T* —* ^'bo.s: small, opened 
meeting a female; large, open circle- =;5 occurrenr 1 I" a 1 meetin g u female: large closed circle: two or mot 
male meets another male. " Ces of Iookout singing males at a single locus: closed triangle: 
high local densities of females. Estimated fe 
fnl978 e we ere | Were 19/10 *" in 1977 and 20/ 
m 1978 We also wttnessed pounce interac.io 
the area 8 and ,n ° ther tidal marsh. 
las“ Jc P Ther Saltmarsh S P°f 
hill T ^male crouched, raisec 
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srr 1 
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seldom approached them; we saw males at nests 
three times during 76 hrs observing 25 nests. 
Twice during these three cases, the female was 
present and chased the male away. 
Male-male Interactions.—We witnessed 512 
male-male encounters in 1,265 interactions at 
Oak Beach (Table 1). No cases of inter-male 
aggression were witnessed during male-female 
pounce interactions. Two or three males at times 
vied for access to the female during mounting 
attempts, but our observations indicate these 
interactions involved interference rather than 
focused hostility toward one another. Males 
•sc orn exhibited aggression towards other males 
tvv ere in the marshes. We recorded details of 
