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THE WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY • Vol. 124. No. 2. June 2012 
poachers (proximity to municipal unpaved roads 
and farms). 
The population density of the Red-billed 
Curassow is unknown and inferences about its 
conservation status are difficult at best. Population 
densities for other species of the genus have been 
reported and recently reviewed by Setina (2009). 
Density of forest species such as C. rubra 
griscomi in Mexico varied between 0.91 and 
1.02 birds/km 2 , while 4 birds/km 2 were reported 
for C rubra rubra in Guatemala. Species of 
similar size as the Red-billed Curassow such as 
Crax globulasa had densities of 3-4 birds/km 2 in 
Peru, while C. fascialata was recorded as 4.66 
birds/km- in Brazil (Desbiez and Bernardo 2011). 
Higher densities were recorded for C. alector , 
which had 8-14 birds/km 2 in Venezuela (Silva 
and Strahl 1991) and 7.2-9.5 birds/km 2 in French 
Guiana (Thioilay 1989). while C. daubentoni 
varied from 8 to 161 birds/km 2 in Venezuela 
(Bertsch and Barreto 2008). If population den¬ 
sity is similar to that of C. globu/asa. one of the 
Red-billed Curassow's closest relatives (Frank- 
Hoeflich et al. 2007), the Vale Natural Reserve 
(—185 km* of available habitat, considering forest 
only) could support a population between 555 and 
740 curassows. The number and widespread 
records we documented suggests the local popu¬ 
lation of this species may be higher than 
previously thought (Collar et al, 1992, IB AM A 
and Ministerio do Meio Ambiente 2004). Addi¬ 
tional studies are required to properly estimate 
population density, but Vale Natural Reserve 
together with the neighboring Sooretama Biolog¬ 
ical Reserve is clearly important for conservation 
of the Red-billed Curassow. 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 
We (hank Vale S.A./Instiluto Ambiental Vale for 
financial support. A. G. Chiarello received financial support 
from CNPq (301100/2005-5 and 303273/2008-9). L. F. 
Silveira was supported by FAPESP and CNPq. and is an 
Associate Researcher of the World Pheasant Association 
(UK). We thank C. S. S. Bernardo. J. J. Roper, and two 
anonymous reviewers for providing constructive criticism 
ot the manuscript, and Gustavo Magnago for sharing 
observations at Cupido and Refugio Farm. We thank H. .1. 
Del-Duque Junior. E. R Coelho. B. A. Guerin, and J. C. 
Simplicio for help with field activities. Andrd Hirsch kindly 
provided the map. 
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