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THE WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY • Vol 124, No. 2. June 2012 
FIG. 2. Incubation rhythm and nestling growth of C. 
calliparea : (A) 24 hrs of incubation of one individual C. 
calliparea in 2010, and (B) nestling growth during the 
entire nestling period for one nest during 2009. 
fresh egg, was 2.25 m above ground in a small 
tree. The second, tound on 11 October, contained 
a developed egg and was 3.5 m above ground in a 
small tree. The last nest was on 13 October on a 
small tree next to a trail 3.5 m above ground. It 
contained a fully feathered nestling that flushed 
from the nest the following day. We found two 
active nests during the 2010 Held season. The first 
contained a fresh egg on 21 October and was in 
secondary forest next to a large gap 3 m above 
ground. The second was on 8 November when 
we observed a male carrying nest material to a 
middle-sized tree 4 m above ground; on 20 
November the nest contained a fresh egg. 
In addition, an individual was Hushed at 
dusk from a hanging moss structure (resembling 
a globular nest) above a frequently used trail 
between September and December. Wc did not 
observe an egg, nestling, or activity during the day 
and believe this structure served as a dormitory. 
We know this structure was used frequently as we 
p aced a leaf on the entrance at least two times a 
week and it was removed. The globular structure 
was 2 m above ground on a small tree and the 
inner measurements were 65.6 X 4S.4 mm with 
a wall thickness oi 17.6 mm. The horizontal 
entrance was 94.8 mm in length and the external 
dimensions were 108.8 X 81.6 X 355.5 mm 
(length, width, and height). 
Descriptions of Nests and Eggs .—The cup nev 
was built W'ithin a natural clump of moss hanein; 
from horizontal branches of small or middle-sized 
trees (Fig. I A). Nests were placed within clumps 
ol moss and had one or two side entrances. Hie 
location of the nest on mossy clumps made it 
difficult to locate by sight (Fig. 1A. B). Nests were 
composed of two distinctive layers; the external 
layer weighed (x ± SD) 3.96 rt 1.4 g (« = 5) and 
was composed mainly of mosses (60%), and fem 
rachises and dry roots (40%). The internal layer 
weighed 2.30 ± 2.1 g (// - 5) and was composed of 
line monocot liber (60%) and soft seed fluff of 
bromeliads (40%) (Fig. 1C). The five nests were in 
the forest interior at an average height from the 
ground of 2.58 m (min-max = 2 to 4 m; n = 5). 
The average internal dimensions were 55.2 x 
48.9 mm with a wall thickness of 19.6 mm and 
depth ol 32.6 mm; the external dimensions were 
93.3 x 76.4 mm with a height of 48.9 ram. 
Four ol the five nests had single eggs. The egg* 
were white with small light-brown speckles, 
located principally at the large end of the egg- 
1 lie density ol the speckles was high and the large 
end ol the egg appears brown (Fig. ID). The 
brown speckles decrease rapidly in density toward 
the smallest end of the egg. Eggs (x - SD) 
measured 22.1 ±0.91 X 15.5 mm ± 0.38 (n = 4) 
and Iresh weight (embryo development had not 
started) was 2.9 ± 0.3 g (n - 3). 
Incubation Rhythm. —We documented incuba¬ 
tion behavior for two nests during 120 hrs (5 
complete days), where the adults left the nest io 
forage on average 8.8 times/day that lasted on 
average 33.1 min (min-max = 3 to 88: Fig. 2A). 
The nest tound in 2009 was monitored only lor 
24 hrs as the egg hatched the day after the sensor 
was placed in the nest. The adult made 13 
foraging trips during this 24 hrs that lasted on 
average 21.1 min (min-max = 3 to 55). The 
temperature during incubation was 31.5 C (rain- 
max = 27.8 to 34.7) and decreased to 26.1 C 
(min-max = 22.9 to 30.4) when the adult was 
absent. We monitored one nest during 5 complete 
days in 2010; this individual left the nest at dawn 
between 0516 and 0529 hrs, and the first eight 
foraging trips lasted on average 54.5 ± 25.5 mm. 
