480 
THE WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY • Vol. 124. No. 3. September 2012 
155°W 
Hakalau 
BICC 
Mauna , 
Kea 
Kipuka 
Ainahou 
Kailua 
Kona 
Kulani 
Mauna 
Loa 
Kilauea 
Kahuku 
Kipuka 
| Nene 
E ISO ■ 
i. 120 - 
§ 90 - 
g. 60 - 
jjj 30 - 
Eel 
lllllnnllnfln 
J FMAMJ JASOND 
location * . M°L. Vt ; nie n °‘ ‘S, ™“‘ C N5nC ’ with satellite transmitters during 2009-2011 on Hawaii Island from breeding 
breeding ill JT , (gray ;intl Big Island Country Club (BICC) golf course (white circles-to non- 
<a - l t l ^ n, ^ f c? awai ' i VOlCanOCS Na,ional Park - Kipuka Ainahou Nene Sanctuary, and Kulani 
Forest NWR Kahuku'and l!l( r loCa " l,nsK Lon g- term mean monthly precipitation (mm) is presented for Hakalau 
rorest tNWK. Kahuku. and BICC. Elevation contours are 500 m intervals. 
Ordinal date was further categorized into th 
seasonal periods: breeding (Sep-Feb), molt (M 
May), when Nene are flightless, and non-breed 
(Jun-Aug) (Banko el al. 1999). Models 
altitudinal migration were constructed Ibr f 
individuals that provided data from all th 
seasons. We randomly selected 300 locatic 
within each of the three seasons to obtain c 
ocat'ons pe r Nene. We modeled each go. 
» 1,h » type V exponent 
unction to approximate a cyclical pattern 
altitudinal migration (Sit and Poulin-Costello 
1994). Models took the form: ln(elevation) = bo 
+ /^(ordinal date) + /> 2 (ordinul date) 2 . Parameters 
and 9 5% Cl were estimated using PROC REG 
(SAS Institute 1999). 
RESULTS 
Observational Data .—Visual observations dur¬ 
ing 2007-2011 identified 323 uniquely-banded 
None at two breeding sites and three non-breeding 
sites (Table I). One hundred and sixty geese 
