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THE WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY • Vol 124. No. 3. September 2012 
J FMAMJ JASOND 
Month 
J FMAMJ JASOND 
Month 
du L'™ ! H locations - 900/goose) plotted by ordinal date for five male Nene with satellite transmitters 
(Cirdest Hn T ' f ™ ra HakalaU Forcsl NWR («l«are symbols) and Big Island Country Club golf course 
(crc.es,. Lines represent the est.mated annual elevation distribution of each male based on lo e -Iinear modeling 
in higher elevation areas during the non-breed 
season than during the period when Nene brt 
(Armstrong et al. 1983). 
The community of predatory mammals tr 
either in composition and abundance between I, 
and high-elevation areas, but no data are available 
quantity this pattern. W e noted daily movements 
Kahuku during the non-breeding season consist! 
with a pattern of predator avoidance, roosting at the 
Klpuka Nene site with smooth-texture lava sur¬ 
rounded by flows of rough-texture lava that would 
present considerable barriers to wide-ranging mam¬ 
mals such as feral dogs. Thus, the severe terrain ot 
high-elevation environments may provide opportu¬ 
nities to escape from predators. There are also few 
anthropogenic hazards in high-elevation areas. 
