SHORT COMMUNICATIONS 
635 
Our records of contact pair calls coincided with the 
period of pair formation (Aug) and laying (Sep-Nov) 
iBairos 1949. Goodal let al. 1951, Marks et al. 1999), 
while territorial calls were more common during the 
juvenile dependence period (Feb-Mar). possibly to 
stimulate juvenile dispersal from the natal territory 
HVN and AM, unpubl. data). 
The high proportion of crepuscular/diurnal prey 
m the diet of the Austral Pvgmy Owl (Jimenez and 
Jaksic 1989. 1993) and occasional observations of 
daytime foraging and calling (Housse 1945. Ban os 
1949. Goodal 1 et al. 1951. this study) indicates this 
owl is largely a crepuscular/diurnal species with a 
peak of activity in the mid-morning and after 
sunrise, similar to the Northern Pygmy-Owl (G. 
gnorna ), a primarily diurnal species that is most 
active between dawn and dusk (Ciiese and Forsman 
2003, Saler el al. 2006, Deshler 2011). However, 
more studies are needed to know more precisely 
about the nocturnal/diurnal activity and other 
biological aspects about the little known Austral 
Pygmy Owl. 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 
We express thanks to V. A. Raimillu lor cooperation in 
the field and comments on the manuscript, and to t liile s 
National Forest Service (CONAF) for the logistical support. 
C. E. Braun, E. D. Forsman, J. E. Jimenez, and an 
anonymous reviewer provided comments that greatly 
improved the manuscript. We also thank the Direction 
General de Investigaeibn y Postgrado of the Univcrsidad 
Cutblica de Tenmco, Project DGIPUCT N C'D 2010-01 
and Project Mecesup UCT 0804. 
LITERATURE CITED 
Barros, R. 1949. L.a historia del cliucho, G 'lumiJium 
nunum (King). Rcvisla Univcrsitaria 35:17- 30. 
DESHLER. J. F. 2011. Nest-site habitat selection and 
breeding biology of the Northern Pygmy Owl in north 
western Oregon. Thesis. Portland State University. 
Portland. Oregon, USA. 
GlESL. A. R. AND E. D. FORSMAN. 2003. Breeding season 
habitat use and ecology of male Northern Pygmy- 
Owls. Journal of Raptor Research 37:117-124. 
Goodall, J.. A. Johnson, and R. Puium. 1951. Las aves 
de Chile. Su eonocimicnto y sus costumbres. 
Volume 2. Platt Establccimientos Graficos, Buenos- 
Aires. Argentina. 
Hauens i 1 -in, E.. C. Ramirez. M. Latsague, and D. 
Contreras. 1988. Origen I'itogeogrdfico y espectro 
luolbgico como medida del grado de intervcncion 
tiniropica en cimumidadcs vegelales. Medio Ambiente 
9:140-142. 
Houssb. R 1945, Las aves de Chile en su clasificacion 
modema. Ediciones Universidad dc Chile. Santiago. 
JaRaMILLO. A 2003. Birds of Chile. Princeton University 
Press. Princeton, New Jersey. USA. 
Jimenez. J. E AND F. M. Jaksic. 1989. Biology of the 
Austral Pygmy-owl. Wilson Bulletin 101:377—389. 
Jimi nez. J. E. and F. M. Jaksic. 1993. Variation estacional 
dc la dicta del cabure grande ( Glaiicidium tumimi) en 
Chile y su relation con la abundancia dc presas. 
H ornero 13:265-312. 
Marks. J. S.. R. J. Cannings, and H. Mikkola. 1999. 
Family Slrigidae (Typical owls) in Handbook of the 
birds of the world. Volume 5. Barn Owls to 
hummingbirds (J. del lloyo. A. Elliott, and J. Sargatal, 
Editors). Lynx Edicions. Barcelona. Spain. 
Martinez, J. A. and I. Zubhrogoitia. 2002. Factors 
affecting the vocal behaviour of Eagle Owls Bubo 
bubo: effects of sex and territorial status. Ardeola 
49:1-9. 
NAKOSKY. T. AND D. YZURIETA. 1987. Guta para la 
identification dc las aves de Argentina y Uruguay. 
Asociacion Omitologica del Plata, Buenos Aires, 
Argentina. 
Negro. J. J., M. J. De la Riva, and F. Hiraldo. 1990. 
Dayliine activity of Little Owls (.Athene noclua ) in 
southwestern Spain. Journal ol Raptor Research 
24:72-74. 
Ralph, C. J., G. Geoffrey. P. Pyle, T. E. Martin, D. 
DliSANTE. AND B MilA. 1996. Manual dc metodos de 
campo de monitorco dc aves terrestres. USDA. Forest 
Service. General Technical Report 159. Pacific 
Southwest Station, Albany, California. USA. 
sater. D. M- E. D. Forsman, f. L. Ramsey, and e. M. 
Glenn. 2006 Disiribuiion and habitat associations of 
Northern Pygmy-owls in Oregon. Journal of Raptor 
Research 40:89-97. 
Sovern. S. G„ E. D. Forsman. B. I . Biswe.ee, D. N. 
Roi pii. and M. TayloR. 1994. Diurnal behaviour of 
the Spotted Owl in Washington. Condor 96:200-202. 
Sun. Y. H. AND Y. Wang. 1997. Tawny Fish Owl activity 
pattern. Wilson Bulletin 109:737-741. 
Venegas. C. and J. Jory. 1979. Guta dc campo para las 
aves de Magallanes. Publicaciones Instituto de la 
Patagonia, Serie Monograffas 11. Puma Arenas. Chile. 
