tyu 
til 
v.l^t 
THE WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY 
FOUNDED 3 DECEMBER 1888 
Named after ALEXANDER WILSON, the first American ornithologist. 
President—Robert C. Beason, P O. Box 737, Sandusky, OH 44871, USA; e-mail: Robert.C.Beason@ 
gmail.com 
First Vice-President—Robert L. Curry, Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster 
Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA; e-mail: robert.curry@villanova.edu 
Second Vice-President—Sara R. Morris, Department of Biology, Canisius College, 2001 Main Street, 
Buffalo, NY 14208, USA, e-mail: morris@canisius.edu 
Editor—Clait E. Braun. 5572 North Ventana Vista Road, Tucson. AZ 85750, USA: e-mail: TWILSONJO@ 
comcast.net 
Secretary—John A. Smallwood, Department of Biology and Molecular Biology, Montclair State University, 
Montclair. NJ 07043, USA; e-mail: smalIwoodj@montclair.edu 
Treasurer—Melinda M. Clark. 52684 Highland Drive, South Bend, IN 46635, USA; e-mail:wosclark@gmail.com 
Elected Council Members—Mary Bomberger Brown. Mary C. Garvin. Timothy J. O'Connell, and Mark 
S. Woodrey (terms expire 2012); Mark E. Deutschlander and Rebecca J. Safran (terms expire 2013); 
William H. Barnard, Margret I. Hatch, and Mark E. Hauber (terms expire 2014). 
Living Past-Presidents—Douglas A. James, Jerome A. Jackson, Clait E. Braun, Richard C. Banks, Richard 
N. Conner, Keith L. Bildstein, Edward H. Burtt Jr.. John C. Kricher, William E. Davis Jr., Charles R. 
Blem, Doris J. Watt. James D. Rising, and E. Dale Kennedy. 
Membership dues per calendar year are: Regular, $40.00; Student, $20.00; Family, $50.00; Sustaining, 
$100.00; Life memberships, $1,000.00 (payable in four installments). 
The Wilson Journal of Ornithology is sent to all members not in arrears for dues. 
THE WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY 
(formerly The Wilson Bulletin) 
THE WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY (ISSN 1559-4491) is published quarterly in March. June, 
September, and December by the Wilson Ornithological Society, 810 East 10th Street. Lawrence, KS 66044-8897. The 
subscription price, both in the United States and elsewhere, is $40.00 per year. Periodicals postage paid at Lawrence. KS. 
POSTMASTER: Send address changes to OSNA. 5400 Bosque Boulevard Suite 680, Waco, TX 76710, USA. 
All articles and communications for publication should be addressed to the Editor Exchanges should be addressed 
to The Josselyn Van Tyne Memorial Library. Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor. MI 48109, USA. 
Subscriptions, changes of address, and claims lor undelivered copies should be sent to OSNA. 5400 Bosque 
oulevard Suite 680, Waco. TX 76710. USA. Phone: (254) 399-9636; c-mail: businessuiosnabirds.org. Back issues or 
sing e copies are available for $ 12.00 each. Most back issues of the journal arc available and may be ordered from OSNA. 
Special prices will be quoted for quantity orders. All issues of the journal published before 2000 are accessible on a free 
weo site at the University of New Mexico library (http:. , clibrary.uniii.edu/sora;) The site is fully searchable, and full-text 
reproductions of all papers (including illustrations) are mailable as either PDF or DjVu files. 
- ’ Copyright 2012 by the Wilson Ornithological Society 
Printed by Allen Press Inc., Lawrence, KS 66044, USA. 
COVER: Wilson’s Plover (Charadrius wilsonia). Illustration by Don Radovich. 
© This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). 
