656 
THE WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY • Vol 124, No. 4. December 2012 
Ciridops anna (Dole 1878) 
Synonymy. —Ulaaihawane Dole 1876: 2; Frin- 
gil/a anna Dole 1878: 49 [type-locality, Hawaii]; 
‘ Fringilla ’ anna.— Newton 1892:468*; Ciridops 
[anna], —Newton 1892:469; Ciridops anna.—Wilson 
and Evans 1893:23. and all subsequent authors: 
Ciridops anna. —Rothschild 1907a: 215 (lapsus) 
Holotype. —BPBM 19, in (he presumed definitive 
adult male plumage. AMNH 459008. in presumed 
subadult male plumage, is not a syntype or cotype. 
Etymology.— The specific name anna has been 
widely and understandably assumed (Amadon 
1944; Jobling 1991; Mearas and Meams 1992; 
Pratt 2002a, 2005) to have been a tribute to Anna 
Prentice Cate (b. 16 Jul 1842. Castine, Maine: d. 
29 Aug 1918, Honolulu), who married Sanford 
Ballard Dole on 19 May 1873, although Dole did 
not publish any explanation for the name. Thus, 
there remains a distinct possibility that anna could 
have been meant to honor Dole’s cousin Anna 
Ward. Dole traveled from New England to 
California in 1868 with Anna and her daughter 
May belle with both of whom he continued to 
maintain close ties (Allen 1988). Dole named 
Fringilla anna at a time when his wife was in 
New England, their relations were strained, and 
Dole was in the process of a Hawaiian 7 icmai' 
adoption of 14 year-old Elizabeth Napoleon, an 
arrangement that was not entirely satisfactory to 
either Elizabeth or Mrs. Dole (Allen 1988). When 
Elizabeth later married Eben Low, she named her 
first daughter Annabelle Dole Low, supposedly to 
commemorate Anna Dole and Maybelle Ward, 
but there was ambiguity as to whether the 
eponymous Anna was Mrs. Dole or Maybelle’s 
mother (Allen 1988: 168-171). Dole may delib¬ 
erately have intended that the Anna of Fringilla 
anna c ould not be pinned down with certainty 
which is how it stands. 
Vernacular Names.- On the island of Hawaii in 
he 9th century, Ciridops anna was evidently 
widely and consistently known as ‘Ulaaihawane’ 
or Ula-ai-hawane, with various usages of glottal 
stops and macrons but correctly written in 
Hawaiian as ‘ ula-ai-hawane . This was first made 
known by D °l e 0876. 1878), who doubtless 
received his information from James Mills 
Manning 1978), who in turn would have been 
98lTw . y ? rdCa,Cher Mavvelu (Manning 
1981). Wilson, who also interviewed Hawelu 
reported that “I used to hear repeatedly of the 
Ulaaihawane, by which name it is well known to 
the natives, who told me that it feeds on the fruit 
of the Hawane palm, whence its name—Ula (red), 
ai (to cat), Hawane (the Hawane palm)” (Wilson 
and Evans 1893: 23). The Hawaiian name loulu is 
customarily used for the palm itself (Pritchardia 
spp.). but. counter to the impression conveyed by 
Pratt (2005), hawane may be used for the tree 
also, as well as its more usual application to the 
fruit ('nuts’) alone (Pukui and Elbert 1986). 
Earlier ornithological writers usually used the 
term hawane palm. Ihc preceding information 
probably originated mostly in the Olaa District 
between Hilo and the volcano of Kilauea. The 
name Ula-ai-hawane was also used, or at least 
understood, in the Kohala District in the north- 
w'cstern pail of the island, where Hawaiians 
collecting for Palmer obtained the last specimen, 
as is evident from the diaries of both Munro (1892) 
and Palmer (Rothschild 1893). There does not 
appear to be any justification for Palmer’s emen¬ 
dation of the name to ‘Ulaaiwhane’ (Rothschild 
1900: 184). Other apparent lapses are ‘Waaiha- 
wane’ = (Bryan and Greenway 1944: 133), ‘ual- 
ai-hawane* (Carlquist 1965:85), "Uha'aihawane - 
(Banko 1987: title page), and ‘ulalhawane’ (Allen 
1988: 59). Henshaw (1902: 58) called it the 
“hawane finch.” Mathews (1930: 808) invented 
many English names for birds out of flights of fancy 
anil called Ciridops anna “White-naped Mano.” 
w hich was a lapsus for ‘niamo.’ a name that he also 
applied to Palmeria dolei (“Crowned Mamo”), 
although no Hawaiian had ever referred to 
either species as a ‘mamo.’ German vernaculars 
include “Hawaii Fink” (Duncker 1953: 240) 
and the ludicrous “Annakleidervogel” of Luther 
(1972:179), Kleidervogel being German for drepa- 
nidine birds from the use of their feathers by 
Hawaiians in making garments ( Kleider ). so that 
Luther s name might also be taken to mean ‘the bird 
ol Anna’s clothing.’ Pratt’s (2005: 273. 275) “red 
palmcreeper” for C. anna and “Kauai Palmeree- 
per” for C. tenax are bookish inventions perhaps 
reflecting a preference for continuing to call the 
Drepanidini ‘honeycreepers’ rather than finches. 
EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY AND 
PLUMAGES OF CIRIDOPS ANNA 
External Morphology 
Appearance and Proportions of Bill. Wings, 
and Feet.- No aspect of the external morphology 
is known for any of the fossil populations of 
Cmdops and that of C. anna may be taken as 
