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THE WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY • VoL 124, No. 4. December 2012 
(except innermost secondaries), and tail black: 
feathers of the throat, forehead, and auriculars 
stiffened and pale grayish along the shafts; the 
occiput and anterior part of mantle are silvery 
gray shading into gray-brown posteriorly; the 
outer webs of the innermost secondaries are while, 
narrowly fringed with scarlet. The white patch in 
the wing is similar to but evidently not homolo¬ 
gous with that of Iiwi (Vestiaria coccinea), in 
which it is the inner webs that are white. The 
scarlet portions ol the plumage are extremely 
glossy, although less so in BPBM 19. which had 
been on exhibit and exposed to light. 
Presumed Subadult Male Plumage .—A M N H 
459008 (Frontispiece). Original color illustrations 
are in Wilson and Evans 1893 (copied by many 
subsequent authors), Rothschild (1907a), and Pratt 
(2002a, 2005). Described by Rothschild (1900: 
183) as: “Lores and forehead velvety black, this 
colour gradually shading into the ashy grey of the 
crown, nape, and hind-neck, which colour again 
shades oil into the dark sepia-brown colour of the 
back. Rump and upper tail-coverts dark glossy 
red. Tail-feathers uniform black. Primaries and 
secondaries black, only the outer webs of the last 
three secondaries earthy brownish buff (nearest to 
Ridgway’s [ I886J ‘clay-colour’ on plate v. fig. 8); 
scapulars and tips of some of the greater wing- 
coverts of the same colour. Feathers on the sides 
of the head and neck, chin, and throat black with 
silvery-grey shaft-stripes. Breast down to the 
middle of the uppermost part of the abdomen 
black. Middle of abdomen, vent, and under tail 
coverts tawny brown. Sides of abdomen largely 
glossy red.” Pratt (2002a: 9) found that it “mostly 
resembles the adult plumage except: black of 
forehead and lores more extensive with black 
breast band extending anteriorly through the 
throat to include the chin; middle of back, 
shoulder, flank, lower belly, crissum. outer webs 
of temals, edges and broad tips of greater upper 
secondary coverts tawny, remainder black.” 
BMNH 1939.12.9.58 (Fig. l). Skinned from 
alcohol and said by Rothschild (1900:183) to 
agree with the preceding specimen “except that 
the beautiful red has faded away in the spirits and 
that apparently the head hits been darker.” It is 
apparently this laded specimen that wa.s illustrated 
by Ren Hathway to accompany the Foreword on 
extinct birds by Fuller (2002: plate F20) This 
( S 19 e 037 en Tm “ aS immature ^ Perkins 
903) and Munro (1944). “The secondaries of 
[this) specimen were almost certainly brown 
(definitely not white), which was restricted to 
the outer webs. There is a fine border of orange 
(same colour as the other faded red colouration) 
on the outer edge of the brown outer webs, which 
may have also been more reddish in life. 
Interestingly, the chestnut-brown on the belly is 
clearly unaffected by alcohol” (J. Hume in litt. 11 
Jan 2012). This specimen, despite fading, is 
clearly in a plumage equivalent to that of the 
preceding, the most obvious indication being the 
brown coloration extending from the undertail 
coverts up the midline of the belly to intersect the 
black breast (this is scarlet in the adult), and the 
brown portions of the inner secondaries (white in 
the adult). 
Presumed Adult Female Plumage.— AMNH 
230275 (Frontispiece). Color illustrations; Pratt 
et al. (1987), Pratt (2002a, 2005. 2010). This was 
regarded as an adult female by Bangs (1910: 68- 
69) who described it as: "Forehead clothed in 
stiffened, pointed, semi-erect feathers as in the 
adult male, lop ol head, nape and sides of head 
cinnamon washed with dull olive-yellow on 
forehead and with the lores and a narrow frontal 
band more dusky: cheeks with paler shaft-stripes to 
the leathers; lower back grayish cinnamon, grad¬ 
ually passing into the purer color of the head: rump 
and upper tail coverts olive-yellow: tail dusky, 
(ringed with olive-yellow; primaries blackish, 
narrowly edged with dark olive-yellow; secondar¬ 
ies more broadly edged with the same, the 
innermost nearly wholly dark olive-yellow; throat 
dull cinnamon, the feathers w ith paler shaft stripes, 
slightly washed with yellow-olive in lower middle: 
chest and breast dingy-smoke-gray, somewhat 
washed with olive, gradually passing into dark 
olive-yellow on belly; under wing coverts, axillars. 
under tail coverts and a small patch in lower middle 
belly dilute rufous cinnamon. The general pattern 
thus resembles that of the adult male, though the 
colors themselves are very different.” The bill is 
noticeably smaller and more gracile in this 
specimen than in the subadult male AMNH 
459008, which may be a sexual difference. 
Discussion of Plumages of Ciridops anna 
The specimen in greenish plumage is so different 
Irom the other four known specimens that Bangs 
. (l9,0) considered it to be the adult female; but, 
because ,n the rest of the red-and-black drepani- 
,!!!* th ^ adult female is like the male, Amadon 
(1750: 174) considered the green bird to be 
immature and stated that the “remaining immature 
