Saborse and Renne • HISTORIC PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF PREDATORS 
757 
Smith. C. L. 1947. Recovery of chickadee hands from screech 
owl pellets. Journal of Field Ornithology 18:129. 
SMmi. D. C. AND J. Van Buskirk. 1988. Winter territoriality 
and flock cohesion in the Black-capped Chickadee Varus 
titricapillus. Animal Behavior 36:466-476. 
SMITH. S M. 1991. The Black-capped Chickadee: behav¬ 
ioral ecology and natural history. Cornell University 
Press. Ithaca. New York. USA. 
Soard.C. VI. andG. RitCHISON. 2009. ‘Chick a-dee' culls 
of Carolina Chickadees convey information about 
degree of threat posed by avian predators Animal 
Behavior 78:1447-1453. 
Sharks, E. J„ J. R. Belthoff. and G. Ritchison. 1994. 
Habitat use by Eastern Screech-Owls in central 
Kentucky. Journal of Field Ornithology 65:83-95. 
SPSS Institute Inc. 2009. SPSS for Windows. Version 
18.0. SPSS Institute Inc.. Chicago. Illinois. USA. 
Takats, D. L, C. M. Francis, G. L. Hoiroyd. J. R. 
Duncan, K. M. Mazi r, R. J. Cannings, W. Harris, 
and D. Holt. 2001. Guidelines for nocturnal owl 
monitoring in North America. Beavcrhill Bird Obser¬ 
vatory and Bird Studies Canada. Edmonton. Alberta, 
Canada. 
Templeton, C. N. and E. Greene. 2007. Nuthatches 
eavesdrop on variations in heterospecific chickadee 
mobbing alarm calls. Proceedings of the National 
Academy of Sciences of the USA 104:5479-5482. 
Templeton, C. N„ E. Greene, and K. Davis. 2005. 
Allometry of alarm calls: Black-capped Chickadees 
encode information about predator size. Science 
308:1934-1937. 
VanCaMP, I.. F. AND C. J. HENNY, 1975. The Screech Owl: 
its life history and population ecology in northern 
Ohio. North American Fauna 71. 
VAN I ll-E/IK. Y.. P. J. SEDDON. AND R. F. MALONEY. 1999. 
Helping reintroduced Houbara Bustards avoid preda¬ 
tion: effec tive anti-predator training and the predictive 
value of pre-release behavior. Animal Conservation 
2:155-163. 
Weise. c. M. AND J R Meyer. 1979. Juvenile dispersal 
and development of site-fidelity in the Black-capped 
Chickadee. Auk 96:40-55. 
YORZINSKI, J. L. AND G. L. PATRICEUJ. 2010. Birds adjust 
acoustic directionality to beam their antipredator calls 
to predators and conspecifics. Proceedings of the 
Royal Society of London, Series B 277:923-932. 
