58 TRANSLATIONS FROM CONTINENTAL JOURNALS. 
which he explains in the following manner—when the food 
reaches the rumen from the oesophagus, it goes directly into 
the second compartment, thence into the third or the pos¬ 
terior right division of the rumen; this is the more easy, as 
that part which is contiguous to the reticulum is, in its po¬ 
sition, anterior to the opening of the oesophagus itself, and 
in the act of swallowing, it stretches still further into the 
volume of this viscus, while the prominent pillars or bands 
greatly contribute to the progress of the food in this di¬ 
rection ; thus it reaches the inferior right cul de sac of the 
rumen (it is worthy of notice that, on account of the di¬ 
minished capacity of this sac in sheep, they are less subject 
to this affection) ; from thence the food progresses upwards 
and to the left into a similar blind sac, and in this manner it 
reaches again the opening of the oesophagus, but at this part 
the unruminated food is prevented, by the short pillars and 
semi-lunar fold of the mucous membrane, from finding its 
way into the reticulum or second stomach, and is by that 
means guided into the opening of the oesophagus to the 
mouth to be masticated. That is the direction the food 
follows, and which is effected by a sort of peristaltic motion, 
beginning at the spot where the coat of the rumen forms an 
adhesion about the size of the palm of the hand with the 
upper parietes of the abdomen, opposite to the place w'here the 
longitudinal and cross-columns or bands meet. When the food 
has arrived in the left portion of the rumen it advances gra¬ 
dually towards the oesophagus, and this is effected princi¬ 
pally by the raising and falling motion of the viscus, aided 
by the papillae on the mucous membrane, w^hich for this 
purpose have their points directed forward on the left side, 
while on the right they point backwards and downwards, 
thus indicating the course in which the food progresses 
through the rumen to the opening of the oesophagus, whence 
it is taken up into the mouth and masticated. Any dis¬ 
turbance of this order of things in the rumen causes me- 
teorization and all its consequences. 
Jahresbericht ilber die Verwaltung des Medizinal-wesens die 
Offentlichen KranJcenanstalten und den Allgerneinen Gesundkeit 
Zustand des Kanton Zurich im Jahr , I860. 
A REVIEW. 
This little volume, v'hich has been forwarded by R. 
Zaugger, Director of the Veterinary School, the editor of 
