614 TRANSLATIONS FROM CONTINENTAL JOURNALS. 
the malady, which does not kill the animal so inoculated ? 
Experiments have proved that the natural virus of typhus, 
passing from one subject to another, becomes gradually 
weaker, and that in the inoculated animal it produces a milder 
attack, which does not kill, and yet preserves it from contagion 
during the remainder of its life. 3rd. For how long a period 
will the virus conserve its contagious and preservative pro¬ 
perties? This question has not been completely solved; 
there are, however, instances where it has preserved its con¬ 
tagious properties from six to eighteen months. These three 
questions being considered as the basis on which is founded 
the practice of inoculation, and having been solved almost 
completely, the Russian Government has recently authorised 
an establishment for the inoculation of typhus in cattle, one 
of which is in full activity near Odessa, in the government of 
Kerssan. In 1858 typhus caused great ravages amongst the 
cattle of Russia, which is shown by a report sent to the central 
government from all the provinces, these having a veterinary 
surgeon in every agricultural district, not a medical practitioner , 
for the investigation of epizootic diseases. There exists also in 
the Ministry of the Interior a directory of veterinary affairs, 
especially composed of veterinary surgeons. It is pleasant to 
think that a nation which is still considered as semi-barbarous 
should be one of the first to protect the practice of veterinary 
surgeons for the interest of agriculture. From these reports, 
the conclusions are that typhus is spontaneous only among the 
cattle of the Steppes, and for this reason all other parts of 
Europe might remain free from this terrible pest if only ani¬ 
mals were exported which, either spontaneously or by inocu¬ 
lation, had had the malady. For this preservative operation 
we are indebted to Professor Jessen, who obtained by the 
generosity of the Grand Duchess Helena leave to farm an 
establishment for inoculating typhus in the govern men to f 
Pultowa. Of fifty-three governments into which Russia is 
divided, forty-seven have been infected with typhus. In some 
of them it is proportionally more grave than in others; thus, 
in the government of Tscheewigow, there were 22,576 animals 
attacked, out of which 15,579 died. The governments of 
Tambow, Samara, Pultowa, and Orenburg, had 12,000 attacked, 
out of which two thirds died. The governments of Saratow, 
Mohilew Riasau, Orel, Vladmir, Peuza Bessarabia, Podalia, 
Yalhynia, and Ukrania, had from 5000 to 6000 attacked, 
three fourths of which died. On the borders of the Steppes the 
mortality was only one half, on account of the improve¬ 
ments made in agriculture. It is in the basins of the large 
rivers, the Volga, Dan, Dnieper, and Dniester, which fall into 
