TRANSLATIONS FROM CONTINENTAL JOURNALS. 615 
the Black or Caspian Sea, in a word in the Steppes, that the 
malady makes the greatest ravages. It was propagated north¬ 
wards by the caravans which go from the Crimea to Siberia. 
The mortality was less by one half, while the animals attacked 
amounted only to a few thousands, in the governments of 
Perim, Wilnau, Vologda, and the Crimea. It was unknown 
in the governments of Finland and the Caucasus, but it 
penetrated into Siberia to beyond Toursk. 
The report for the whole of the Russian Empire is 178,690 
attacked, out of which 118,315 died. This loss is still con¬ 
siderable. The typhus appeared spontaneously in Bessara¬ 
bia, Podolia, in the governments of Katarivoslow, Kiew, and 
Pultowa, that is to say, in the basins of the Dnieper and the 
Dniester; under the influence of unsettled weather, during the 
winter and spring, and more so after the melting of the snow, 
which was succeeded by great heat, the water being bad, and 
the forage scarce and of bad quality. It was also through con¬ 
tagion that the typhus declared itself in the governments 
of Vladimir, Penza, Tambow, Riazau, Toula, Moscow, Smo- 
lenska, Mobileff, Witebsk, Graduo, and Valhynia. It was 
likewise principally through the convoys of oxen which 
brought the contagion to the north, and for this reason it 
is hoped that, by the extension of railways, the danger will be 
lessened and the malady greatly diminished. The skins 
and other cadaveric remains have sometimes propagated the 
typhus, but, above all, the non-observance of the sanitary pre¬ 
cautions and quarantine laws has been the great source of 
its spreading. The severity of winter and the stabling of the 
cattle, on the contrary, checked its progress in the govern¬ 
ment of Viatka. The typhus, although very intense on the 
borders of the Volga, was only spontaneous in a few localities; 
in others it was principally propagated by contagion through 
the tschomaches, which carry salt and fish from the Crimea, 
and which are drawn by oxen. 
For some years there has prevailed in North America, 
particularly in the republics of Venezuela, New Grenada, and 
Colombia, an epizootic affection, which is vulgarly known by 
the name of delombadera, or derrengadera. It began at first 
by attacking the horned cattle in 1832, and committed great 
ravages until 1838; it then remained stationary, only to 
reappear in different localities with greater intensity, some¬ 
times in one place and then in another, respecting, however, 
certain localities, where it was never known to have prevailed. 
This affection attacked indiscriminately all animals—young 
or old, weak or strong, or whatever might be their constitu¬ 
tion, in certain localities; and, according to Veterinary 
