TYPHUS FEVER IN HORSES. 
214 
down and forced out. Having emptied the sac, I passed a seton 
through the tumour, and dressed it. To be well fomented. 
March 22 d .—Going on well — discharges healthy matter — 
evinces no pain of any importance. 
29th .—Tumour has greatly subsided, but it still has a boggy 
feel. It has been dressed only with ung. seruginis. In no appa¬ 
rent pain. 
In the course of six weeks she got considerably better, and there 
remained but little tumour or discharge; and she gave several quarts 
of milk at a meal. She soon afterwards got well, and was sold for 
a good sum. 
TYPHUS FEVER IN HORSES. 
By William Ernes, M.R.C.V.S., Dockhead. 
A DISEASE from time to time occurs in my practice, par¬ 
ticularly amongst the heavy draught horses, which I have at 
times considered as inflammation of the stomach and intestines, 
at others as gastro-enteritis, though neither of these two deno¬ 
minations appear to me to be the correct one, since it partakes 
more of the character of typhus fever, such as it presents itself in 
the human subject. 
The Symptoms are as follow :—Loss of appetite ; in some cases 
total, in others only partial, so that the owners not unfrequently 
work the patient on for a day or two after the attack. The mu¬ 
cous membrane of the nose is rather paler than usual, and has a 
yellow tinge : the tongue is coated with a dirty yellow crust. 
The mouth is dry; its mucus is of a palish yellow, and emits a 
peculiar odour. The mucous membranes of the eyes are more 
deeply tinged with yellow than the rest of the visible mucous 
membranes. The pulse at first is normal in point of frequency, 
but small and wiry,or, if altered, is a few beats lower than normal: 
only, thirty-six to forty-eight hours before death it increases from 
90 to 100. The beating of the heart distinct, and isochronal with 
the artery; the respiration, but slightly increased at first, be¬ 
comes more so as the disease progresses. Colicky pains are not 
unfrequent, particularly after the animal has taken either food or 
water. The dung is at first hard, slimy, yellow coated, and small 
in quantity ; but if the disease be protracted beyond the seventh 
or eighth day, purging not unfrequently sets in. The urine dark- 
coloured, small in quantity, and often voided within the sheath. 
The patient yawns frequently, turns up his upper lips, and at times 
