TYPHUS FEVER IN HORSES. 
215 
grinds his teeth. The ears and legs are alternately cold and hot. 
The hair of the mane and tail come out from the least traction. 
The duration of the disease is from ten to twenty days, very seldom 
beyond. Towards the latter part, the pulse increases to 100, the 
respiration from 20 to 30 per minute : the mucous membranes be¬ 
come more tinged with yellow, and that of the nose is covered with 
dark red spots (petechia), which are sometimes also observed on 
the conjunctiva. The tongue is more coated, and sometimes looks 
as though it were shrivelled up. The legs and ears at length 
become icy cold, and death, in most cases, speedily follows. 
AUTOPSIA. —The peritoneum healthy. The liver congested, 
sometimes softened. The mesenteric glands healthy. The mu¬ 
cous lining of the stomach, with the exception of the cardiac por¬ 
tion which 1 have always found healthy, is very red, flaccid, and 
much thickened, coated with a greyish slime, and easily separated 
from the muscular coat, which seemed to be much softened; 
the mucous coat of the small intestines is more or less reddened 
and tumefied. The glands are strongly injected and swollen. 
The mucous coat is easily stripped off, as in the stomach. 
If we follow the bilious duct, we find its mucous membrane in a 
similar state, even where there is but little affection of the liver. 
The mucous membrane of the large intestines is also similarly 
affected, though not to the same extent as that of the stomach and 
small intestines. The mucous lining of the rectum exhibited simi¬ 
lar appearances to those presented by the small intestines and 
stomach. The contents of the stomach and large intestines (the 
small intestines being generally empty) consist partly of indigested 
food, chiefly of a large quantity of dirty yellow greenish fluid, acid 
to the taste, and of an offensive smell. Even in cases where the 
horse drank but very sparingly, the quantity of this fluid was un¬ 
diminished. The mucous lining of the pelvis of the kidneys was 
found at times also more or less affected, and, in some cases, that 
of the bladder as well. 
The thoracic cavity shewed less alteration, though not altogether 
free from the general diseased state. The lungs, when no chronic 
disorganization exists, appear more or less congested. The heart 
seems, when laid open, redder in appearance, and its muscular 
fibres softer. This is also the case with the whole of the muscles 
of the body, and in many places infiltration of yellow serum into 
the cellular tissue is very apparent. 
Treatment. —From the foregoing observations it is obvious 
that the antiphlogistic is out of the question. Where, from expe¬ 
riment or expediency, bleeding has been resorted to, the blood has 
been found of a dark colour and slow in coagulating. Setons or 
rowels slough out. The smallest quantities of aloes bring on 
