388 ON THE MANAGEMENT OF THE FARM HORSE. 
No. 2 is for one of a larger bulk. Some may consider the hay 
too much; but it is positively requisite horses should have some 
bulk with their food to give them a fulness in the flank. Horses 
fed entirely on grain or pulse, or with only a little chaff, look 
gaunt and unseemly. It would be empirical to lay down any 
fixed plan of dieting. Every farmer should feed consistently with 
his work, considering whether it be on light or heavy land, requir¬ 
ing more or less labour. For winter-keeping the horse, an entire 
restriction to what is denominated dry, or manger feeding, is the 
most profitable, being attended with the least waste. Esculent or 
bulbous roots, turnips, carrots, and potatoes are frequently added 
to the diet of the farm-horse; from ten to fifteen pounds weight 
being usually given at a time. If too long continued with the 
working horse, it makes him perspire too freely under exertion, 
and excites the kidneys, and renders him more susceptible of catar¬ 
rhal affections. Any bulbous or esculent food is more fitted, when 
given abundantly with meal or bruised corn, to get the horse in a 
condition fit for the dealer, and not for work, more especially if 
such work is heavy: on light work, and where not much muscular 
power is required, such diet may answer well. As a dietetic me¬ 
dicinal agent, turnips and carrots may be given to the stabled 
horse with good effect, in cases of swollen legs and cracked heels, 
with a scanty secretion of urine. Fatal cases of gripes, with tym- 
pany, every now and then occur from injudiciously giving too many 
in a raw state. The safest form is boiled or steamed. Cooking of 
food for horses has received at present but little attention from the 
farmer; prepared food by cooking must add to the expense of 
keeping. The cheapest plan, and with but little manual labour, is 
what the farmer requires. Bulbous or esculent roots, without 
azotised food mixed with them, is inadmissible for the farmer’s horse, 
as will be plainly shewn on reference to page 232, Part I, Yol. IV, 
of the Journal of the Society. 
In concluding this portion of the Essay on winter feeding, I trust 
I have, in some measure, pointed out the fallacy of reckless and un¬ 
limited feeding, in which I have known as much as a seam of hay, 
336lbs. weight, in some stables consumed in one week by a single 
horse; or, in other words, one seam out of every three has been 
rendered unfit for food. Let order and economy be, therefore, ob¬ 
served in the stable, and always bear in mind the motto of this 
Essay, that “ Order is gain : waste not, want not.” 
Spring , Summer , and Autumn Feeding. 
The farm-horse, as soon as the clover or eaver or other grass is 
sufficiently forward, and the weather settled and warm, is turned 
out to pasture, into enclosures if they are small ; if spacious, a 
