TYPHUS FEVER IN THE HORSE. 463 
picks out of his rack stalks of hav, he refuses corn altogether, and 
drinks but very little white water. 
Observing him for a few minutes we shall soon see a repetition 
of the same series of phenomena; and the experienced eye will 
detect the coat pen-feathered; the head heavy, carried from time 
to time round towards the flanks, doubtless on account of intestinal 
pain; the abdominal parietes convulsively drawn up; the mouth 
dry; the tongue frequently presenting little transverse furrows at 
its edges, while its dorsum is covered with a yellowish coating 
more or less tinged; the conjunctives yellowish and injected ; the 
pulse having a particular indescribable character which experienced 
fingers recognize to be typhoid, the pulsations of the heart full 
and soft, every beat causing the thorax to rebound ; the hair having 
slender hold slight traction brings it out in patches; the loins 
stiffened; the scrotum covered with a multitude of little white 
points, doubtless consisting of either carbonate or phosphate of lime. 
The heat of the body diminishes by degrees from the head to the 
tail; and a circumstance worthy of remark is, that if there be 
several horses in the same stable, the sick one is covered with flies, 
while upon the others scarcely any settle : appearing as if by the 
odour they recognized the gravity of the disease and already wished 
to take possession of their prey. The walk is unsteady, the hind 
quarters in particular vacillate. The dung-balls are softer than 
in health, but there is no diarrhoea, like as in certain forms of ente¬ 
ritis. The urine is thick, and has a bloody appearance. The ap¬ 
petite is not altogether lost. The animal is continually trying to 
eat hay : it is true he chews it as though he did not care about it, 
but still he seeks after it; and I have seen horses draw hav out 
of their racks some minutes even before they fell to rise no more. 
Next day, or some days afterwards, fresh symptoms arise. Not¬ 
withstanding he has taken so little food, the patient appears swol¬ 
len ; and meteorization (tympanitic abdomen) really is present, 
and often continues until death. Petechim make their appearance 
upon the pituitary membrane, epistaxis follows, remitting for a 
time to break out afresh, and thus continuing for a considerable 
time without appearing to cause material depression, since, though 
blood may escape, it is but in drops. At this period, or even 
before, pneumonia is likely to supervene. This is always alarm¬ 
ing, since it seriously aggravates the typhoid fever, or rather the 
disease in the blood; indeed, it has often appeared to me to be the 
cause of death. On other occasions abscesses have made their 
appearance, not in any fixed situation, though the breast is their 
most frequent seat. When small they have been many in num¬ 
ber, and when large, have at times contained several pints of pus. 
When first I observed such abscesses, I regarded them with favour- 
