NOTES ON THE HISTORY OF HORSE-SHOEING. 
465 
In removing the skin from a typhoid animal, on either side of 
the ilio-spinal region are to be seen ecchymoses whose form is no 
less variable than their magnitude. These blood spots have much 
resemblance to those exhibited bv horned cattle that die of char - 
•/ 
bon; save that they are not so consistent, not so large, and not 
near so high coloured. 
In respect to the internal organs, the intestines prove inflated 
and display upon their surfaces multitudes of little bloody spots 
(ecch}'moses) varying in size from that of a lentil to that of a 
half-crown piece; and if a portion of intestine thus highly spotted 
be opened, the same phenomena are visible upon its mucous lining; 
many of which exhibit continuity with those outside. The same 
bloody spots are likewise frequently observable upon the colon. 
The Causes of typhoid fever seems not to have been dis¬ 
covered. Wherever it has prevailed among men, horses appear 
to have suffered likewise. In miasmatic situations, on the borders 
of rivers, in humid atmospheres, See. 
Contagion. —I do not pretend to say for certain the disease is 
contagious, and yet supposing one horse in a stable takes it, it 
rarely happens that the others do not suffer likewise. This I 
know is to be explained by all the horses working and feeding 
alike ; and yet I have seen horses fresh arrived in the diseased 
quarter, speedily catch the malady. 
Treatment. —After having tried all kinds that appeared suit¬ 
able, I now limit my practice to purgation, and subsequent medi- 
cinals proper to meet symptoms as they arise. And in this latter 
I with most confidence rely. I ought to add, that I have done 
nothing save at such times as I deemed it required. 
Recueil de Mtdecine Vittrinaire. 
Home Extracts. 
Notes on the History of Horse-shoeing. 
The protection of horses’ feet, by means of buskins, network, 
leather, or metal shoes, must have been an object of very early 
solicitude to every nation conversant with these animals; but the 
impetuous action of horses, their weight, and the angular form of 
the edge of their hoofs, appear long to have rendered all attempts 
to effect the purpose abortive. Even in recent times, Kiimpfer 
informs us that in a great part of Japan, a kind of rush-work is 
used, which wraps the whole hoof, and wears so fast on the road, 
