COD-LIVER OIL. 645 
chlorine, and traces of bromine. Moreover, he found that the oil 
always contained free phosphorus. 
The following table shews the proportions of the constituents in 
the three kinds of oil:— 
Constituents. 
Oleic acid (with Gaduin and two 
other substances. 
Margaric acid. 
Glycerine. 
Butyric acid . 
Acetic acid . 
Fellinic and cholic acids, with a 
small quantity of margarine, 
oleine, and bilifulvin . 
Bilifulvin, bilifellinic acid, and two 
peculiar substances. 
A peculiar substance, soluble in 
alcohol. 
A peculiar substance, insoluble in 
water, alcohol, and ether . 
Iodine. 
Chlorine, and traces of bromine ... 
Phosphoric acid . 
Sulphuric acid. 
Phosphorus. 
Lime . 
Magnesia. 
Soda. 
Iron . 
Loss. 
Cod-liver oil . 
Pale Oil. 
Pale Brown 
Oil. 
Brown Oil. 
74.03300 
71.75700 
69.78500 
11.75700 
15.42100 
16.14500 
10.17700 
9.07300 
9.71100 
0.07436 
— 
0.15875 
0.04571 
— 
0.12506 
0.04300 
0.06200 
0.29900 
0.26800 
0.44500 
0.87600 
0.00600 
0.01300 
0.03800 
0.00100 
0.00200 
0.00500 
0.03740 
0.04060 
0.02950 
0.14880 
0.15880 
0.08400 
0.09135 
0.07890 
0.05365 
0 07100 
008595 
0.01010 
0.02125 
0.01136 
0.00754 
015150 
0.16780 
0.08170 
0.00880 
0.01230 
0.00380 
0.05540 
0.06810 
0.01790 
— 
a trace 
3.00943 
2.60319 
2.56900 
100.00000 
100.00000 
100.00000 
By reference to this table, there will be observed some slight 
differences in the composition of the three kinds of oil. Whether 
these are constant or accidental, further investigations are required 
to determine. But, from De Jongh’s analyses, it would appear that 
the pale oil is richest in oleic acid and glycerine—that the brown 
oil contains the largest amount of margaric, butyric, and acetic 
acids, and of the substances peculiar to cod-liver oil—and, lastly, 
that the pale brown oil is richest in iodine and saline matters. 
I now proceed to notice in detail some of the substances which 
enter into the composition of this oil. 
1. Of Gaduin .—For the discovery of this substance in cod-liver 
oil we are indebted to De Jongh. It may be obtained as follows: 
Saponify cod-liver oil by means of caustic soda, and decompose the 
soap thus obtained by means of acetate of lead. The resulting 
