162 
Osborn, Herbert. —On the Uses of Contagious Diseases in Con¬ 
tending with Injurious Insects. A Paper read before the 
Entomological Club of the A. A. A. S. at Indianapolis, 
Aug. 22, 1890. (Insect Life, v. 3, No. 4, Nov., 1890, 
p. 141.) 
Summing up the considerations brought forward in the paper 
the author says, “I think we are justified in the following in¬ 
ferences: 
Q“First. That there are diseases amply sufficient as a basis for 
economic work, the bacterial forms giving the most promise for 
all cases where early results are desired, while those due to fungi, 
so far as present knowledge goes, propagating slowly, can only be 
used as slow but efficient checks to injurious forms, the most we 
can do with them being to introduce them in localities where not 
already found. 
“Second. That the diseases can be controlled to the extent of 
preserving the germs for a season and transporting them from 
place to place to use for inoculation, but that their spread 
in nature will be affected by conditions beyond our control, while 
only such insects as occur gregariously or live in mingled hosts 
can be attacked to advantage. 
“Third. That the cost of application would prevent its adop¬ 
tion except in certain forms. 
“Finally, we must consider this method of contending with in¬ 
sects at best as but one of a number of profitable methods to be 
used in certain cases where other methods are insufficient and to 
supplement other methods where it can be done to advantage. 
With this end in view, the diseases of insects are worthy of the 
most careful study, and will not, I think, disappoint us in their 
final results.” 
Snow, F. H.—Experiments for the Artificial Dissemination of a 
Contagious Disease among Chinch-bugs. (Trans. Kan. Acad. 
Sci., 1889-90, v. 12, pt. 1, p. 34.) 
“White fungus disease” (produced by “Eutomophthora or Em- 
pusa”) successfully propagated in laboratory by imprisoning 
healthy chinch-bugs with sick and dead ones, and infected speci¬ 
mens sent to eight states. Results exceedingly satisfactory as in¬ 
dicated by correspondence with farmers. 
Snow, F. H.—Experiments in 1890 for the Artificial Dissemina¬ 
tion of Contagious Diseases among Chinch-bugs. (Trans. 
Kan. Acad. Sci., 1889, v. 12, 1889-90, pt. 1, p. 119.) 
Account of laboratory field experiments with three diseases, En- 
tomophthora or Empusa, Micrococcus, and Isaria or Trichoderma 
appearing in the infection jars before the close of the season. Of 
the twenty-six reports from the field nineteen decidedly favorable. 
Snow, F. H.— Experiments for the Artificial Dissemination of Con¬ 
tagious Diseases among Chinch-bugs. (Proc. Nineteenth 
Ann. Meeting Kan. State Bd. Agr., 1890, pp. 142-144.) 
Not seen. 
