166 
Riley, C. V. — [A Discouraging Fact in Prof. Snow’s Experiments.] 
(Insect Life, v. 3, No. 6, March, 1891, p. 279.) 
Carrying healthy bugs through the season without infection, in 
the same room with diseased bugs, “would indicate either that the 
germs were easily kept from reaching the bugs or that they were 
not carried long distances. If close proximity to or actual con¬ 
tact with diseased individuals is requisite, the value of using germs 
of disease in the field is materially lessened. Farmers’ evidence 
needs careful weighing. 
Riley, C. V. —Micro-organisms as Insecticides. [Author’s abstract 
of paper read before the A. A. A. S. at Washington.] 
(Scientific American, Supplement, Oct. 31, 1891, v. 32, 
p. 13206.) | 
Different classes of experiments referred to: those made with 
yeast and yeast ferments; those with true bacterial diseases; those 
with Entomophthora and Isaria; and those with protozoan diseases* 
The experiments conducted by the Department of Agriculture 
gave negative results. Those in Kansas are likely to lead to dis¬ 
appointment owing to lack of sciertific accuracy of statement and 
conclusions. Considers the subject important and promising, but 
emphasizes its difficulty and complication, and the necessity that 
experimentation be accompanied by fuller knowledge and conducted 
according to accurate scientific methods. 
Snow, F. H.—Chinch-bugs. Experiments in 1899 for Their De¬ 
struction in the Field by the Artificial Introduction of Con¬ 
tagious Diseases. (Seventh Biennial Rep. Kan. State Bd. 
Agr., v. 12, 1889-90, p. 184; Quart. Rep. Kan. State Bd. 
Agr., March 31, 1891, p. 113.) 
A resume of experiments and reports. The three diseases ob¬ 
served among chinch-bugs said to thrive best in June, July, and 
August, the bacterial one being best adapted to dry seasons and 
the white fungus flourishing only in wet weather. Disavows ex¬ 
travagant newspaper claims for this method. 
Snow, F. H.—Experiments for the Destruction of Chinch-bugs in 
the Field by the Artificial Introduction of Contagious 
Diseases. (Insect Life, v. 3, No. 6, March, 1891, p. 279.) 
Essentially the same resume as that above referred to, giving 
letters from farmers illustrating the favorable light in which they 
regard the experiments conducted in their fields. Of the three 
diseases identified in the laboratory experiments, that produced by 
the Trichoderma [Isaria J was found there most fatal. In subse¬ 
quent discussion (see Riley, Webster, Cook, aud Fletcher, follow¬ 
ing), says he does not think that the germs of fungous disease 
will live over winter in ordinary outdoor conditions. 
Snow, F. H.—Insects Injuring Kansas Wheat. (Rep. Kan. State 
Bd. Agr., for month ending April 30, 1891, p. 7.) 
Not seen. 
