170 
Snow, F. H.—Experiments for the Destruction of Chincli-bugs by 
Infection. Address as retiring President of the Cambridge 
Entomological Club. (Psyche, v. 6, No. 191, March, 1892, 
p. 225.) 
Calls attention to the difference between his own experiments 
and those of Prof. Forbes, the latter using artificial cultures for 
the communication of disease, and he making the cbinch-bug it¬ 
self the vehicle; mentions experiments of Dr. Lugger, in 1888, in 
Minnesota; and discusses at length his own work on I his subject, 
which began in June, 1889, with Empusa aphidis (called an Ento- 
mophthora by Prof. Forbes). In field and laboratory exposure of 
healthy chinch-bugs to bugs dead with this fungous disease “was 
invariably followed by the death of the exposed ones in from 
eight to twelve days.” Finds this and the Sporotrichum disease 
most destructive in damp weather, while the bacterial disease 
(Micrococcus ivscciornm) thrives best in time of drought. Pre¬ 
sents statistics (based largely on farmers' reports, but also to some 
extent on the personal observation of himself: and a field agent) 
concerning field experiments, giving 75.6 as the per cent, of suc¬ 
cessful ones. 1,222 of these reports were received from Kansas 
farmers, and 68 from other states and territories. Then follows 
an outline of laboratory work with the Sporotrichum and Empusa 
diseases. The infection jars and cases and the method of stock¬ 
ing and restocking them are described, and culture experiments 
with both Sporotrichum and Empusa are noted, together with 
features of their characteristic growth. Those with the Sporotri¬ 
chum resulted in pure cultures (with which, however, only un¬ 
successful attempts were made to inoculate chinch-bugs), but no 
spores of Empusa developing, opportunity was w’antiDg for the 
inoculation of chinch-bugs with pure cultures of that fungus. 
Several letters from Kansas farmers are appended as samples of 
the reports sent in from the field, and an estimate of the actual 
money value of the experiments in 1891 is given. , 
1893. 
Forbes, S A.—[Notes of Experiments with Isaria densa. ] From 
Presidential Address given at the Fifth Annual Meeting of 
the Association of Economic Entomologists. (Insect Life, 
v. 6, No. 2, Dec., 1893, p. 63.) 
Has noted daring the year but one item of special interest on 
the fungous diseases of insects, namely, “an unsuccessful experi¬ 
ment to destroy the American white grub by meaus of Giard’s 
Isaria densa.” (See Riley, 1893, “Experiments with the European 
White Grub Fungus.”) Mentions his own “moderately successful” 
laboratory experiments on various species of white grubs in 1892 
with Isaria densa; bat reports as unsuccessful attempts to com¬ 
municate the. disease by placing diseased grubs in the eaitli with 
healthy ones. 
