CHAPTER IV. 
HEMIPTEUA. 
Bugs. — Squasii-Bug. — Chinch-Bug. — Plant-Bugs. — Harvest-Flies.— 
Tree-Hoppers. — Leaf-Hoppers. — Vine-Hopper. — Bean-Hopper. — 
ThiiipS. — Plant-Lice. — American Blight. — Enemies of Plant-Lice. 
— Bark-Lice. 
HE word bug seems originally to have been used for 
JL any frightful object, whether real or imaginary, whose 
appearance was to be feared at night. It was applied in the 
same sense as bugbear, and also as a term of contempt for 
something disagreeable or hateful. In later times it became, 
with the common people, a general name for insects, which, 
being little known, were viewed with dislike or terror. At 
present, however, we can say, with L’Estrange, though 
“ we have a horror for uncouth monsters, upon experience 
all these bugs grow familiar and easy to us.” We would 
except from this remark those domestic nocturnal species to 
which the name is now applied by way of pre-eminence ; the 
real, by an easy transition in the use of language, having 
assumed the name of the imaginary objects of terror and 
disgust by night. 
Entomologists now use the word bug for various kinds of 
insects, all, like the bed-bug, having the mouth provided with 
a slender beak, which, when not in use, is bent under the 
body, and lies upon the breast between the legs. This 
instrument consists of a horny sheath, containing, in a groove 
along its upper surface, three stiff bristles as sharp as needles. 
Bugs have no jaws, but live by sucking the juices of animals 
and plants, which they obtain by piercing them with their 
