operation should be performed in the spring, or during the 
month of June. In the winter the strings may be removed, 
and in the following spring the trees should again be exam- 
ined for any borers that may have escaped search before, 
and the protecting applications should be renewed. 
In Europe there is a species of Algeria, named by Lin- 
naeus tipul'formis, which has long been known to inhabit 
the stems of the currant-bush. This, or an insect closely 
resembling it, is far too common in America, in the culti- 
vated currant, .with which it may have been introduced from 
Europe. The caterpillars are produced from eggs laid sin- 
gly, near the buds ; when hatched, they penetrate the stem 
to the pith, which they devour, and thus form a burrow 
of several inches in length in the interior of the stem. 
As the borer increases in size, it enlarges the hole com- 
municating with its burrow, to admit of the more ready 
passage of its castings, and to afford it the means of escape 
when it is transformed to a moth. The inferior size of 
the fruit affords an indication of the operations of the 
borers ; and the perforated stems frequently break off at 
the part affected, or, if of sufficient size still to support the 
weight of the foliage and fruit, they soon become sickly, 
and finally die. 
In some gardens, nearly every currant-bush has been 
attacked by these borers ; and instances are known to me 
wherein all attempts to raise currant-bushes from cuttings 
have been baffled, during the second or third year of the 
growth of the plants, by the ravages of these insects. They 
complete their transformations, and appear in the moth state, 
about the middle of June. 
The moth is of a blue-black color; its wings are trans- 
parent, but veined and fringed with black, and across the 
tips of the anterior pair there is a broad band, which is 
more or less tinged with copper-color ; the under side ot 
the feelers, the collar, the edges of the shoulder-covers, 
and three very narrow rings on the abdomen, are golden 
