THE HOP-VINE HEPIOLUS. 
409 
campians, are provided with notched transverse ridges on the 
rings, by means of which they push themselves out of their 
holes when ready to be transformed. The moths differ a 
good deal from each other, although the appearance and 
habits of the caterpillars are so much alike. The antennas 
in some are thread-like, or made up of nearly cylindrical 
joints put together like a string of beads ; in others they are 
more tapering, and doubly pectinated or toothed on the 
under side, at least in the males ; and in Zeuzera , a kind of 
moth not hitherto found in this country, the antennae resem- 
ble those of the Ceratocampians, being half-feathered in the 
males, and not feathered in the females. The wings are 
rather long and narrow, and are strengthened by veiy nu- 
merous veins. The female is provided with a kind of tube 
at the end of the body, that can be drawn in and out, by 
means of which she thrusts her eggs into the chinks of the 
bark or into the earth at the roots of plants. 
Of the root-eaters there is one kind which is very injurious 
to the hop-vine in Europe. It is called Hepiolus humuli , 
the hop-vine Hepiolus. The caterpillar is yellowish white ; 
the head, a spot on the top of the first and second rings, and 
the six fore legs are shining brown, and it is nearly naked, 
or has only a few short hairs scattered over its body. It 
lives in the roots of the hop, and, when about to transform, 
buries itself in the ground, and makes a long, cylindrical 
cocoon or case, composed of grains of earth held together 
by a loose silken web. The chrysalis has transverse rows 
of little teeth on the backs of the abdominal rings, and by 
means of them it finally works its way out of the cocoon and 
rises to the surface of the earth ; this being done, the includ- 
ed moth bursts its chrysalis shell, and comes forth into the 
open air. In moths of this kind (genus Hepiolus ) the an- 
tennae are very short, slender, almost thread-like, and not 
feathered or pectinated ; the tongue is wanting or invisible ; 
and the feelers are excessively small, and concealed in a tuft 
of hairs. 
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