486 
LEPIDOPTERA. 
find are not so apt to be wormy as the thin-skinned summer 
apples. The eggs begin to hatch in a few days after they 
are laid, and the little apple-worms or caterpillars produced 
from them immediately burrow into the apples, making their 
way gradually from the eye towards the core. Commonly 
only one worm will be found in the same apple ; and it 
is so small at first, that its presence can only be detected 
by the brownish powder it throws out in eating its way 
through the eye. The body of the young insect is of a 
whitish color ; its head is heart-shaped and black ; the top 
of the first ring or collar and of the last ring is also black ; 
and there are eight little blackish dots or warts, arranged 
hi pairs, on each of the other rings. As it grows older, 
its body becomes flesh-colored ; its head, the collar, and 
the top of the last ring turn brown, and the dots are no 
longer to be seen. In the course of three weeks, or a little 
more, it comes to its full size, and meanwhile has burrowed 
to the core and through the apple in various directions. 
To get rid of the refuse fragments of its food, it gnaws a 
round hole through the side of the apple, and thrusts them 
out of the opening. Through this hole also the insect makes 
its escape after the apple falls to the ground ; and the falling 
of the fruit is well known to be hastened by the injury it 
has received within, which generally causes it to ripen before 
its time. 
Soon after the half-grown apples drop, and sometimes 
while they are still hanging, the worms leave them and 
creep into chinks in the bark of the trees, or into other 
sheltered places, which they hollow out with their teeth to 
suit their shape. Here each one spins for itself a cocoon 
or silken case, as thin, delicate, and white as tissue paper. 
Some of the apple-worms, probably the earliest, are said 
by Kollar to change to chrysalids immediately after their 
cocoons are made, and in a few days more turn to moths, 
come out, and lay their eggs for a second generation of the 
worms ; and hence much fruit will be found to be worm- 
