r 
tine®. 487 
eaten in the autumn. Most of the insects, however, remain 
in their cocoons through the winter, and are not changed 
to moths till the following summer. The chrysalis is of a 
bright mahogany-brown color, and has, as usual, across each 
of the rings of its hind body, two rows of prickles, by the 
help of which it forces its way through the cocoon before 
the moth comes forth. 
As the apple-worms instinctively leave the fruit soon after 
it foils from the trees, it will be proper to gather up all 
wind-fallen apples daily, and make such immediate use of 
them as will be sure to kill the insects, before they have 
time to escape. Mr. Burrelle says, that if any old cloth 
is wound around or hung in the crotches of the trees, the 
apple-worms will conceal themselves therein ; and by this 
means thousands of them may be obtained and destroyed, 
from the time when they first begin to leave the apples, 
until the fruit is gathered. By carefully scraping off the 
loose and rugged bark of the trees, in the spring, many 
chrysalids will be destroyed ; and it has been said that the 
moths, when they are about laying their eggs, may be 
smothered or driven away, by the smoke of weeds burned 
under the trees. The worms, often found in summer pears, 
appear to be the same as those that affect apples, and are 
to be kept in check by the same means. Cranberries are 
likewise affected by worms, altogether similar to apple-worms. 
G. Timers. 
The word moth was formerly used in a much more re- 
stricted sense than it now is. It was originally given to 
the caterpillars of certain insects, called Tine.® by Linnaeus, 
and well known as the destroyers of clothing and of other 
household stuffs. In this sense we find it used in our 
version of the Scriptures, and in the works of old English 
writers. It occurs, with very little change, in other lan- 
guages also, and seems to have been derived from a word 
