F. G. Cawston 
91 
Dr B. 1893. No. 
1906. Not apart from two cases mentioned. 
Dr C. 1893. No. 
1906. No. The most serious case I have seen, with intense anaemia, got better in 
time with no treatment. 
Dr D. 1893. Cannot say. 
1906. I should say no. 
Dr E. 1893. Yes, but very rarely. 
1906. I think so, but only very occasionally. 
3. Have you observed any serious symptoms attributable to Bilharzia? 
Dr A. 1893. With exception noted above, no. 
Dr B. 1893. Yes, I have formed the opinion that occasionally I have had symptoms in them¬ 
selves serious, which I think may be attributed to Bilharzia if the theory of the ova 
forming nuclei for gravel be correct. 
1906. I believe renal colic is not infrequent in lads who have had Bilharzia. 
Dr C. 1893. Yes. Anaemia after constant drain from the bladder. I have only had one 
such case out of, say, 100 that have been under my treatment. If the theory of gravel 
arising from ova of Bilharzia be correct, and I think it is, from the fact of so many 
gravel cases having a history of Bilharzia, then I have had severe symptoms indirectly. 
1906. Anaemia is common but not serious, and only in aggravated cases and the 
young have I had slight albuminuria which passes off. 
Calculi. It is common to find those suffering from above to have at one time had 
Bilharzia. 
Dr D. 1893. Can recollect two cases in which general health suffered consequent on 
Bilharzia. 
1906. I have had cases where for a time the general health has been impaired but 
those have been patients grown up when they had the disease. 
Dr C. 1893. Yes. Not infrequently anaemia and renal symptoms. I had two cases aged 
10 years and 15 years with chronic dysentery and griping pains suggesting an ulcerated 
condition of the bowel. These, when examined, showed Bilharzia and I attributed the 
condition of both to Bilharzia. 
1906. Albuminuria rare and only in extreme cases. I have seen very severe haemor¬ 
rhage in two or three cases, but in each it passed off quickly. Slight haemorrhage is 
common and occasionally anaemia. Sometimes, but rarely, renal colic from gravel. 
4. Have you found any cure for the disease? 
Dr A. 1893. None, certain; the disease usually cures itself. 
Dr B. 1893. No. I sometimes give Iron and Turpentine and find at least that the patients 
are none the worse for it. 
1906. No. In lads it will probably cure itself about the age of puberty. 
Dr C. 1893. No. The disease will probably cure itself in time. 
1906. No. Salol, Santonin or tonics may do good. They often lessen bleeding. 
Dr D. 1893. No. Nature seems to cure in most cases. 
1906. No. 
Dr E. 1893. Iron may assist, but they usually grow out of the affection. 
1906. No. The disease tends to die out of its own accord. 
5. How would the fact of a patient being the subject of Bilharzia affect him in medical 
examination for Insurance? 
(a) When the symptoms are slightly marked: 
Dr A. 1893. No loading. 
