(x. H. F. Nuttall 
337 
skin. (In my opinion the author was probably dealing with a shrivelled specimen 
that was about to moult and remained clinging accidentally to an empty egg 
shell.) We have recently encountered this louse in the Denny collection at 
Oxford and shall refer to it again in a future paper. On the evidence at hand, 
P. schdffi must be regarded provisionally as a race of P. humanus. 
1912. Pediculus capitis Fahrenholz 1912, p. 2, PL III, figs. 3, 4, text-figs. 1, 3, 7. 
Pediculus corporis Fahrenholz 1912, p. 2, PL III, figs. 1, 2, text-fig. 2. 
1913. ? Pediculus lobatus Fahrenholz 1913, Zool. Anz., xli. p. 373, taken from Ateles 
pan (vellerosus) . No description; probably = race capitis. 
1913. ? Pediculus oblongus Fahrenholz 1913, Zool. Anz., xli. p. 373, taken from Hylobates 
concolor ( mulleri) and Symphalangus ( Hylobates) syndactylus; probably = race 
capitis. 
1913. Pediculus humanus Linn., according to Castellani and Chalmers (1913, p. 631), 
includes: “P. capitis de Geer 1778, and P. cervicalis Latreille 1803.” 
1916. Pediculus mjobergi Ferris 1916, p. 136 = P. affinis Mjoberg ( v. supra) renamed, 
because this name is preoccupied, i.e. P. affinis Burmeister 1839 (Gen. Rhyn. 
No. 10) representing another species. 
? 1917. Pediculus capitis var. maculatus Fahrenholz, from negroes. 
Pediculus capitis var. angustus Fahrenholz, from Japanese. 
Pediculus corporis var. marginatus Fahrenholz, from Japanese. 
The foregoing three supposed varieties are mentioned by Sikora (1917, p. 172) 
as having been recently published by Fahrenholz. Although the latter author’s 
paper is inaccessible to me, I venture to assert that these names will not stand and 
that they must fall into the synonymy of P. humanus. Their author apparently 
fails to appreciate the variability of the species from having access to limited 
material. 
1917-19. Pediculus humanus Linnaeus 1758, in Nuttall (ii. 1917, p. 294), includes capitis and 
corporis although they show biological differences; Nuttall (xi. 1917, p. 83), 
regards capitis and corporis as at most racial forms of P. humanus. Keilin 
and Nuttall (1919, pp. 279 et seq.), record the occurrence of hermaphrodites in 
crosses between capitis and corporis, this supporting the view that head- and 
body-lice constitute races; nevertheless capitis bred for four to five or more 
generations in captivity assumes all the morphological characters of corporis. 
Vulgar Names: O. Eng. lus, Eng. louse, Du. luis, Ger. Laus (Kopflaus, Kleiderlaus), 
Dan. and Swed. lus, Fr. pou, It. pidocchio, Span, piojo, Portug. piolho, 
Russ, vosh, Lat. pediculus, Gr. cfrdeip. 
Iconography of P. humanus. 
In the following list of references to publications illustrating the species 
P. humanus, only those are cited that possess either special historical interest 
or contribute useful information. The illustrations, dealing with lice, that 
are to be found in the literature are as a rule astonishingly bad. References 
to publications containing illustrative matter are indicated by the letter I in 
the Bibliography. 
1634. Moffett, p. 259, a crude woodcut of a louse. 
1665. Hooke, PL XXXV, ventral aspect of $, the figure ca. 40.cm. long; very good, shows 
the gonopods, etc. This figure is reproduced in smaller size by Albin (1736), 
Pl. XLII. 
