46 
LITERATURE. 
This abundant leaf miner was first described in 1860 by Dr. 
Brackenridge Clemens (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., Yol. XII., p. 
208). He states that the larva mines the upper surface of the 
apple leaf, and that “the mine is flat, at least until the larva en¬ 
ters the pupa state, and begins as a slender white line, dilating as 
it increases, and is ultimately formed into an irregular brownish 
colored patch which is somewhat extended over the beginning. 
This is then shown on the separated epidermis as a white line or 
streak. The head of the larva is brown; the body uniform pale 
green; first segment brownish, with a short vascular greenish 
streak. _ When the pupation begins the leaf is thrown into a fold, 
which is carpeted with silk, and the pupa lies within it. This 
state begins about the latter part of September, and the imago 
appears early in May.” 
This description was again published by Mr. Stainton in his re- 
publication of Dr. Clemens’s papers on “Tineina of North America.” 
The species is next mentioned by Mr. Y. T. Chambers, of Cov¬ 
ington, Kentucky, in Yol. III. of the “Canadian Entomologist” (p. 
208), where it is noted as having been bred “from leaves of dif¬ 
ferent species of Haw (Crataegus), Sweet-scented Crab (Pyrus cor- 
onarici ), Blackberry ( Rubus villosus), and Raspberry ( Rubus occi- 
clenialis ).” He adds that it probably mines other species of 
Rosaceae. On page 50 of Yol. Y. of the same journal Mr. C.. 
again mentions this insect in connection with several others that 
“feed indifferently on the leaves of Crataegus, Prunus, and Malus;” 
and in the sixth volume (p. 150) he makes a similar mention of 
its food plants. 
In the Stetiiner Enfomologische Zeitung (Yol. XXXIY., p. 222), 6 
Messrs. Frey and Boll publish a brief description of this insect 
from specimens found by them in Germany mining the leaves of 
apple-trees imported from America. 
There was next recorded an additional food plant of the species 
—the dewberry {Rubus canadensis) —by Mr. Chambers, in the 
“Cincinnati Quarterly Journal of Science” (YoL II., p. 111). He 
adds: “Prof. Frey and Mr. Boll mention having bred a species 
from the leaves of the blackberry {Rubus villosus), which they con¬ 
sidered distinct from malifoliella, and described under the name 
of T. amea. They also state that they have bred an allied species 
which they describe as T. roseficola, The species from the black¬ 
berry I have known for several years. I have not considered it 
distinct from malifoliella, Clem.; and I regard the specimens bred 
from all the species of Rubus, Crataegus, and Pyrus as belonging 
to the same species— T. malifoliella, Clem. T. roseficola, I have- 
not seen; I incline to doubt its specific difference from mail- 
foliella.” 
In an article on “Tineina and their Food-plants” (Bull. U. S. Geol. 
& Geogr. Survey, Yol. IY.) Mr. Chambers mentions this species in 
the list of those feeding upon Crataegus, Pyrus coronaria, and 
. 
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