LITERATURE. 
This insect was first briefly described as Lilhocolletis gemma - 
tella by Dr. A. S. Packard (“Guide to the Study of Insects,” pp. 
353, 354; pi. 8, figs. 15—15c). The larva is said to have been 
abundant on the leaves of apple and pear in the vicinity of Salem 
during the summer of 1869. Dr. Packard writes: “The moth is 
of a dark slate-gray, without any prominent markings, with oclireous 
hairs on the top of the head. There is a black round spot on the 
middle of the inner edge of the wing. On the outer edge is an 
eye-like spot, pupilled with black like the ‘eye’ in a peacock’s tail. 
The antennae are dark, ringed with a pale slate color. It expands 
.30 of an inch. The larva is a pale livid reddish with a black 
head and cervical shield, and .14 of an inch in length. It was 
first discovered about the middle of August, hanging from a branch 
suspended by a thread. From this time it became abundant, until 
the leaves began to fall in the first week of October; nearly 
every leaf on some of the pear- and apple-trees having a mine. 
* * * Usually the larva draws two leaves together or folds 
one up, and as it eats its way along the surface of the leaf, leaves 
its excrement filling up the space behind, thus making blotches 
and otherwise disfiguring the leaves. In this mine it transforms 
into a long slender pupa, which may be found surrounded with 
the castings of the larva. The moths first appeared August 19, 
and flew in-doors at night attracted by the light.” 
This account does not exactly agree with the usual habits of 
the species, as observed by later writers, though in exceptional in¬ 
stances the larvae may behave as here recorded. In the great ma¬ 
jority of cases, as noted elsewhere in this paper, the larvae do not 
pupate in their old mines, but make new ones by turning down 
the edges of the leaves. 
The species is next mentioned by Mr. Y. T. Chambers, in the 
“Canadian Entomologist” for November, 1871 (Yol. III., p. 183), 
where, in writing of the described species of the genus Litho- 
colletis, he says: “ L . geminatella, Packard, is said to be dark 
slate-gray, without prominent markings, but with a round blacl 
spot on the middle of the dorsal margin, (like a Bucculatrix?) 
and an apical ocellus. The larva is pale livid reddish, (unlike 
any known Lithocolletis larva, but not unlike some Gracillariae) 
It feeds on leaves of apple and pear trees, between two leaves, oi 
in a fold of a leaf (This is very unlike a Lithocolletis.”) 
In the “Canadian Entomologist” for March 1873 (Yol. Y., p. 50) 
the insect is re-described as new by Mr. Chambers, (under tin 
name of Ornix prunivorella), who gives Kentucky as its habitat 
Of its life history he writes: “The larva mines the leaves o: 
apple-trees (Malus), and wild cherry-trees ( Prunus serotina) 
making a large tentiform mine on the under surface, which can onlj 
be distinguished from that of Lithocolletis cratcegella , Clem., in th( 
same leaves, by its larger size. It is at first a short, crooked mine 
which ends in the large tentiform mine. It leaves the mine t( 
