15 
EFFECT ON CURCULIOS. 
I have now merely to recall the results with respect to curculio 
injuries to the apple, derived from our last year’s work, by which, 
it will be remembered, it appeared that about half the damage 
done by curculios was prevented by the Paris green. We kept a 
similar account of the curculio injuries this season, but their num¬ 
bers were so completely insignificant as to give us no sufficient 
basis for computation, neither check nor experimental trees showing 
usually more than one or two per cent, of injury. It consequently 
remains for us to determine, another year, the effect upon curculio 
injuries of sprayings made only early in the season, while the 
fruit is small. As the curculios’ work is distributed over a much 
greater interval than that of the first brood of the codling moth, 
the arsenical poisons, early applied, are much less likely to affect 
it in any important way. 
I think we are justified, however, in this important conclusion; 
that the incidental benefit to the crop by such protection against 
the curculios as our sprayings gave, and especially such prevention 
of damage to the foliage as we know to be thus afforded, will fully 
compensate for the small expense of the Paris green application, 
which, made on a large scale, with suitable apparatus, only once' 
or twice a year, must fall below an average of ten cents a tree. 
CONCLUSION. 
The experiments above described seem to me to prove that at 
least seventy per cent, of the loss commonly suffered by the fruit 
grower from the ravages of the codling moth or apple worm may 
be prevented at a nominal expense, or, practically, in the long run, 
at no expense at all, by thoroughly applying Paris green in a spray 
with water, once or twice in early spring, as soon as the fruit is 
fairly set, and not so late as the time when the growing apple- 
turns downward on the stem. 
Finally, I ought to add that my results are confirmed in general 
by the only other experiment that I know of in which the apples 
were examined with sufficient care and detail to permit a calcula¬ 
tion of ratios of benefit. Last year, at the New York Agricultural 
Experiment Station, Mr. Goff, one of the officers of the station, 
sprayed six trees three times with Paris green, and brought them 
into comparison with four check trees not sprayed. The results of 
liis experiment, as given in the Fourth Annual Beport of the New 
Fork Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 218-220, were to the 
general effect that sixty-nine per cent, of the apples were effectively 
T^ s . or l ec ^ anr ^ that the loss by the codling moth w^as consequently 
liminished jn that ratio. The whole number of apples examined 
n the course of his observations w r as 9,198. 
