12 
four per cent, and tlie “picked apples” two per cent. Or, stated 
in another form, the ratio of benefit shown by the picked fruit 
was ninety-five per cent., while ninety-two per cent, of the apples 
liable to fall from codling-moth injuries were preserved to ripen¬ 
ing by the Paris green. * 
This tree was low and broad and not too leafy, and was thus 
more thoroughly sprayed from the ground than the other expen- 
mental trees. There is also a possible lack of proper correspond¬ 
ence between the tree and its check to be taken into account m 
connection with this remarkable and exceptional result. 
SUMMARY OF PARIS GREEN EXPERIMENTS. 
As a summary statement of tlie final issues of the Paris green 
experiments for both years, we may refer to .Table V II ., v ieiei 
will be seen, in brief, that in 1885 eighty-six per cent, of the 
fruit exposed to damage by the codling moth was preserved to 
ripening by the poisons applied, and that fifty-nine per cent of the 
picked fruit had been thus preserved; or that, taking picked and 
fallen fruit together, sixty-nine per cent., which would otherwise 
have been sacrificed, had been saved by our remedial measuie. 
Furthermore, during 1886 seventy-four per cent, was saved from 
falling, bv a single spraying, and about seventy- two per cent, jy 
three sprayings. The difference unfavorable to the last was doubt¬ 
less due to accidental differences in trees and treatment 
The benefit to the picked fruit apparent from a single spraying 
stands at forty-eight per cent., and that from twice spraying at 
ninety per cent., while that from thrice spraying falls away 
to seventy-nine per cent. Or, summarizing still more briefly, weP 
may sat, in general, that the results of once or twice spraying 
with Paris green in early spring, before the young apples liaa 
drooped upon their stems, resulted in a saving of about seventy. 
Jive per cent, of the apples exposed to injury by the codling motli. 
1 wish especially to emphasize the fact that the results now ob 
tained are drawn from computations so made that they may b< 
expected to hold good without reference to conditions other thai 
variations in the treatment itself. The apples protected from in 
iury by the codling moth are evidently apples effectively poisoned 
and our “ratios of benefit” really express the ratios of these poisone, 
apples to the whole number treated. These ratios clearly' will no 
vary either with the abundance of the apples, with the abundanw 
of the codling moths, or with anything else except the ° 1 ' 1 g uia , 
treatment, and subsequent accidents affecting the length of timed 
the poison may adhere to the apple. This view is, m fact, su > 
stantiated by the essential agreement between the results of 
year and this, under conditions as widely different as it would be 
possible to find by ten years’ waiting. 
The weather conditions prevailing shortly after the poison id 
applied will doubtless have much to do with its efficacy; but pos-j 
