10 
the difference in the prevailing conditions of this year and those 
of last, as affecting the codling-moth injuries in the orchard. I 
have already given a general account of the differences between 
the two years; and the manner in which these influenced the cod¬ 
ling moth is exhibited in Table II., comparing the ratios of in¬ 
jury in 1885 to four untreated trees bearing 6,825 apples in all, 
with that to 4,916 apples on four untreated trees, in 1886. As 
the experiments for 1885 related only to summer apples, and those 
for 1886 to fall and winter varieties, there are two more observa¬ 
tions (for September 20 and October 4) reported on the latter 
than on the former. 
We notice in the first place the smaller ratio of injury for 1886 
at the beginning of the season. The difference between the two 
sets of trees, beginning July 16 at forty-six per cent, out of 
fifty-one, diminishes rapidly to August 31, when it was twenty-five 
per cent, out of eighty, and closes September 8 at thirty-eight 
per cent, out of eighty-five. The total damage by codling moths 
this year was seventy per cent, that of last year to fallen fruit, 
and fifty-nine per cent, to picked fruit. This difference is due to 
the fact that the crop of 1886 was very heavy, the trees setting 
full in the spring and dropping a large percentage of merely 
surplus fruit during the first four weeks; while the crop of 1885 
was very light, and the trees were able to hold more of their 
apples. 
P Allis GREEN, 1886. 
The experiments for 188b to be first noticed, were intended to 
bring out the comparative results of spraying once, twice, and 
thrice with Paris green so early in the season as to avoid any 
possible danger from the poisoning of the ripened fruit. Two 
sets of experiments were made for this purpose. In the first, 
trees of the same variety (the Snow apple, or Fcimeuse) were 
used both for the experiment and for the check; while in the sec¬ 
ond series various varieties were treated, care being taken, how¬ 
ever, to select the best available companion for each experimental 
tree. 
We will first examine the Fcimeuse series, since this was 
much the most uniform. It will be seen from Table III. that the 
single spraying (made May 11) had a very appreciable effect upon 
the damage by the codling moth even in the beginning of the 
season, but was still more evident later. YV itliout entering into 
unnecessary details, it will be sufficient to say that the results 
show a preservation to ripening, of fifty-five per cent, of the fruit 
subject to fall from codling-moth injuries. It will be seen also 
that there was a corresponding benefit evident in the condition of 
the picked fruit, the damage on the tree not treated being forty- 
five per cent, and that upon the sprayed tree twenty-two per cent. 
The exceedingly low ratios of injury at the beginning of the sea¬ 
son—a phenomenon which will be apparent throughout all the 
