species the popular name of “The Unspotted Tentiform Mine 
of the Apple,” and states that it is common about Ithaca, but not 
sufficiently abundant to be seriously injurious. He remarks that 
when the larvae are nearly mature, they leave the old mines and 
make new ones. The latter operation is described as follows: 
“Quite a dense, but still very transparent covering is spun on the 
under side of the leaf. * * * While weaving these threads 
from side to side over the space to include the so-called mine, the 
larva rests on the threads already spun. In this way the larva 
ma y by its weight aid in causing the mine to assume its tentiform 
shape. When this covering is completed, the larva crawls in be¬ 
tween it and the leaf, and completes the mine from the inside, by 
spinning more threads from side to side, and drawing the edges 
of the mine very close together. The under surface of the mine 
thus becomes more opaque from more silk, being spun there and 
also as the silk itself, which is at first white, becomes brown. ’ 
Concerning the later history of the larva, Mr. Brunn continues. 
“Soon the larva commences to feed, beginning at one end of the 
mine, and eating everything clean as it goes, excepting the small 
veins and upper epidermis. When through eating, or when all 
the parenchyma in the mine is eaten, the larva leaves the mine . 
by an opening which it makes in the under surface, and either 
pupates in another portion of the same or a different leaf; or,, if 
not through feeding, it makes a new tentiform mine on the disk 
of the’ leaf, or turns over the edge of the leaf, and feeds on the 
infolded portion. * * * The larvae deposit the small, rounded 
pellets of frass in an irregular heap at one end of the mine. 
“When about to pupate the larva leaves the mine through a 
small circular hole which it makes at one end and on the under 
surface of the mine, goes to some portion of the edge of the leaf, 
either on the upper or lower surface (very seldom on the lower), 
folds the edge over itself, bringing it close, down to the surface 
of the leaf by silk, and then spins around itself, in this roll, a 
delicate silken cocoon. Within this cocoon it casts its larval skin 
and tranforms to a pupa, remaining in that condition throughout 
the winter. It takes less than twenty-four hours for the larva to 
make the roll within which it pupates. In exceptional cases the 
larva will spin its cocoon in the fold of the leaf caused by its 
mine, and at some distance from the edge of the leaf. Often the 
larva goes to the very tip of the leaf, and brings the two edges 
together, making its cocoon within this fold. The pupae I have 
collected as early as October 3 and the larvae as late as October 26. A 
young white larva which I collected November 6, turned gray upon 
placing it in alcohol. In the spring the pupae transform to dark 
steel-g"ray moths, which, when at rest, assume the position shown 
in PI. I., Fig- 2a.” 
