61 
-that both these species always pupate “under the surface of the 
ground and never in the leaves,” while generally at least the 
reverse of this is the case, his assertion may reasonably be 
doubted. Mr. Dixon recommends for the whole list of leaf-eating 
orchard insects what he calls the “tramping remedy,” which con¬ 
sists simply in pasturing various kinds of stock in the orchard. 
He also advocates spraying the foliage with white arsenic in water 
solution. 
In 1883 Mr. Wm. Saunders published a short article concerning 
this insect in his excellent treatise on “Insects Injurious to Fruits,” 
but records no original observations, and adds nothing to our 
knowledge of its life history. 
No further records of observations upon this insect were pub¬ 
lished, so far as I am aware, until 1881, when Prof. S. A. Forbes 
noted the damage done by it in nurseries in McLean county, Ill., 
mentioning the suggestive fact that varieties having thick or woolly 
leaves are least liable to'injury (Trans. Ill. St. Hort. Soc., 1884, 
p. 124; 14th Rep. St. Ent. Ill. pp. 97, 98). 
In Bulletin No. 11 of the Division of Entomology of the U. S. 
Department of Agriculture (p. 20), submitted in January, 1886, Mr. F. 
M. Webster reports the results of some experiments on this insect 
made with soluble pinoleum and Hammond’s slug shot. A solution 
of fifteen parts of the former substance with eighty-five parts 
water was sprayed over the leaves September 15. the result being 
that “probably seventy-five per cent, of the larvae were destroyed; 
but full grown larvae were observed on the leaves October^ 1. 
Leaves seriously affected by larvae were dusted with slug shot Sep¬ 
tember 15, when no dew was on them, the result being that the 
next day fifty per cent, of the larvae were dead. Other applica¬ 
tions followed with similar beneficial results. 
DESCRIPTION. 
The following are the descriptions of the three stages of the 
insect, as given by Riley (4th Mo. Ent. Rep., p. 46): 
“Larva. —Length, 0.45-0.50 inch. General color olive, or pale 
green, or brown, with a broad dark stripe along each, side of back. 
Tapers slightly both ways, joints 4-12, inclusive, divided into two 
transverse folds. Freckled with numerous pale specks and with 
piliferous spots, the specks often taking the. form of two pale 
broken lines along the upper edge of dark stripe. The piliferous 
spots are pale with a central black dot, and are best seen in the 
dark specimens. On joints 4-12, inclusive, they are placed four in 
a square on the middle of the back, and four more each side, the 
two upper lateral ones being on the anterior fold, the stigmata 
appearing as minute rufous specks between them. Both these 
spots are often double. The third lateral spot is on the posterior 
folds, and the fourth is subventral and anterior. The hairs pro¬ 
ceeding from these spots are long and setaceous. Head horizontal, 
