as the present species and writes: “It is very troublesome and 
numerous indeed this year throughout the State [IllmoisJ. As 
tlie worms remain in their silken cases through the winter the best 
manner of destroying them is to plnck them from, the twigs at 
that season of the year, when they may be readily discovered, and 
to bnrn them. The moth which produces them should also be de¬ 
stroyed whenever seen.” 
About this time Mr. Walsh also received specimens of this insect 
from Iowa, and recommended the hand picking of the larval cases 
(Practical Entomologist, Yol. II., p. 18). The species was also 
briefly mentioned by Townend Glover in the Report or the Com¬ 
missioner of Agriculture for the same year (1867, p. 73). 
Again, in the “Prairie Farmer” for July 10, 1869, Mr. B. T. Taylor 
(residence not given, but presumably Illinois) publishes a note con¬ 
cerning an insect attacking apple-trees, which, from specimens sent, 
is identified by Dr. Riley as the leaf crumpler. The larvae evidently 
were destructively numerous, for Mr. Taylor writes that after pick-, 
ino- the leafy cases, one tree was left to see what effect the worms 
would have upon it. But when the injury that was being done 
was discovered, Mr. T. killed all the worms he could find, and 
expresses the opinion that had. this not been done, the trees 
would have been defoliated. 
In the “Canadian Entomologist” for July, 1870 (Yol. II., pp. 
126-128), Mr. Wm. Saunders records the occurrence of the leaf 
crumpler on apple trees at London, Ont., and gives an excellent 
account of the life history of the species. There is here noted tor 
the first time, I believe, a habit of the larva, the effect of which 
mav be seen on almost any infested tree that of gnawing the 
green bark of the tender twigs. He suggests that this habit of 
“gnawing away all the voung bark from and about the spot to 
which the case is attached, would in all probability lead some¬ 
times to the girdling of the young branches and their consequent 
death.” The breeding of an Ichneumon parasite from this species 
is also here recorded ✓ 
Mr. D. B. Wier published in the “Prairie Farmer” for February 
17 1872, a lengthy article concerning this species, mentioning it 
in’the introduction as an insect that “sometimes becomes very 
noxious, both in orchard and nursery.” Concerning its winter and 
early spring history, he writes as follows: 
“Like the black bear, winter finds it rolling in fat and securely 
housed, but spring finds it a most pitiable object indeed, its fat ^ 
rounded abdomen of the fall before is shriveled to a mere point, 
the worm of half an inch scarcely measures an eighth; and it seems 
to be all head and no body. Yet it is lively and anxiously moves 
its house about in The warm part of the day, awaiting the push¬ 
ing of the buds. As soon as the buds have swollen enough to ex¬ 
pose the tender parts, it attacks the first it reaches and eats all 
its tender parts. By this our Phycita does us the greatest dam¬ 
age If there are a great many on the tree they destroy nearly 
