69 
all the leaf, as well as fruit buds, in this way not only spoiling 
the symmetry of our trees, but preventing a crop of fruit. It 
feeds most voraciously in early spring and soon finds its house of 
the year before too small for it, but, strange to say, instead of 
enlarging it, it begins to build a new one beside the old, which 
it securely fastens to the side of the old one, and carries both 
wherever it goes until it reaches maturity (?). * * * The 
rascal leaf-crumpler feeds upon the leaves of nearly the whole 
order Rosacese, but is most injurious to the apple among our 
domestic fruit.” 
This writer also records the discovery of a hymenopterous para¬ 
site, said by Dr. LeBaron to be a new species of Ichneumon. In 
some parts of the nursery nearly all of the Phycis larvae were 
destroyed by these parasites, while in other parts it was said that 
none of them could be found. 
As to remedies, Mr. Wier expresses the opinion that “There 
is perhaps no noxious insect that can be kept in check by labor 
alone easier than this.” He recommends picking the cases and plac¬ 
ing them in such a position that the larvae will starve and the para¬ 
sites escape; and adds the following paragraph concerning the 
application of lime: “Dr. Hull recommended a few weeks ago in 
this paper, air-slaked lime strewn over the leaves of trees as a 
preventive of this insect. The application would, I fear, be of 
little use, for the young larvae are so snugly protected by their little 
houses that the lime would hardly reach them, and by their 
activity they would soon find some point uncontaminated by lime.” • 
In the Fourth Annual Report of the State Entomologist of Missouri 
(pp. 38-42) Dr. Riley publishes a lengthy account of the species, 
which, he states, “sometimes become so prodigiously multiplied in 
young orchards, or in the nursery, as to seriously affect the health 
of the trees; for it does not confine itself to the leaves, but often 
in early spring commences on the swelling buds, attacks the young 
fruit, or gnaws the tender bark.” He mentions it as “an insect 
which is quite common in the Western States, and which also 
occurs in Ontario, but does not seem to be known in the Eastern 
or extreme Southern States.” He adds, “Though I have not met 
with this leaf crumpler in Southern Illinois, it nevertheless occurs 
throughout our own State, and is quite injurious in the south¬ 
western counties.” Concerning the food plants of the species he 
writes: “I have bred this insect from apple, cherry, wild and cul¬ 
tivated; plum, wild and cultivated; quince and crab-apple; and have 
noticed the cases on peach. Near St. Louis it has been, if any¬ 
thing, more injurious to quince than to apple-trees. Yet it does 
not seem to be able to live on the pear.” 
This author remarks upon the ease by which the pest may be 
subdued by hand picking, advising that the plucked cases “be 
thrown into some small vessel and deposited in the center of a 
meadow, or field, away from any fruit trees,” where “the w wms 
