I 
80 
DESCRIPTION. 
Larva .—Larvae of this description may be known from any 
others occurring in fall or spring in similar situations by the fol¬ 
lowing obvious characters: The body (one and one tenth inches 
long when full grown) is nearly cylindrical, dirty white or gray, 
without color-markings of any kind, much wrinkled transversely, 
about one fifth as broad as long, rather blunt behind and some¬ 
what narrowed forwards to the head. The latter is very small, 
but distinct and hard, yellowish or browm in color, and commonly 
much withdrawn within the following segment. There are no feet 
or legs, nor any trace of them, the larva being a true maggot, 
but at the bluntish hinder end are a few fleshy or finger-shaped 
processes, and in full grown specimens a pair of small horny 
hooks. The general surface is without w T arts or other processes, 
but has several very sparse longitudinal row 7 s of short stout black 
hairs which help in subterranean locomotion. . The larva moves 
with considerable activity, stretching out the body and hooking 
itself forward by the head. 
Pupa .—When it has finished its course of growth and development 
it transforms into a long, rough, spiny, dirty brown pupa about 
three fourths of an inch long, the abdomen some three fifths the 
entire length, and the thorax with clearly visible wing-pads, 
developing legs, etc. From the back, just behind the head, spring 
two divergent horn-like structures (breathing tubes), w r hose length 
is about equal to the width of the segment from which they arise. 
Sides of the abdominal segments with sharp keel, w T kich is set 
with a row T of short recurved spines. Another close-set transverse 
row 7 of conical spines near the posterior edge of each segment of 
the back, and similar rows of larger spines beneath. On the last 
segment these row^s unite behind the carina to form an unbroken 
circle of spines,—tw 7 o or three dorsal members of the row more 
minute. Behind these, a pair of still stouter spines and a cluster 
of four blunt anal tubercles. Each abdominal segment with a 
transverse groove above and belov/, not reaching the lateral carina. 
Thorax behind the breathing tubes transversely rugulose; between 
them a longitudinal carina. 
Imago .—The imago is a yellowish brown insect of medium size; 
the abdomen dusky-shaded, the wings yellowish at base and on costa, 
fuliginous at tip, with a smoky stigma and a single imperfect 
white bar immediately preceding it. No other wdiite blotches. 
The eyes are green; the thorax indistinctly striped dusky and yel¬ 
lowish browm. The following detailed description will serve to 
distinguish it as a species.* 
Length 12 to 13 mm. Male dilute ochreous. Head concolorous, 
usually a little yellowish behind; rostrum slightly darker; palpi 
yellowfish, darkened towards tip; tw 7 o basal joints of the antennae 
yellowish, the first about as long as the tw T o following, the second 
* Failing to identify this species, I referred it to Drs. W 7 illiston and Hagen, the former of whom 
did not recognize it. while the latter informed me that it was in the Loew collection under the 
name of Tipula bicornis, but had never been described. 
