108 
given. The formula recommended is one originally proposed by~ 
H. G. Hubbard, and is as follows: 
Kerosene.2 gallons.... = 67 per cent. 
Common soap, or whale-oil soap. \ pound... ) _ Q o „ , i 
Water.I gallon... S P 
The solution of soap, boiling hot, is to be added to the kero¬ 
sene, and the mixture churned for five or ten minutes by means 
of a force-pump and spray-nozzle. One part of this emulsion to 
nine parts of water is considered strong enough. “Bogus chinch 
bugs” are described, and figures reproduced from Riley’s Seventh 
Report, and a bibliographical list is given of the most important 
articles on the chinch bug from 1831 to 1887 inclusive. 
Packard, A. S. —The Chinch Bug. (Entomology for Beginners, 
p. 195.) 
Brief mention of mode of injury to plants, life history, and 
remedies. 
Riley, C. Y.—Report of the Entomologist. Introduction. (Rept. 
[U. S.] Commiss. Agric. 1887, p. 48.) 
The great damage done by the chinch bug in most of our 
Western grain-growing States has been the entomological event of 
the year. The Statistician of the Department of Agriculture re¬ 
ports 860,000,000 as the very lowest estimate of damage in nine 
States. 
Websteii, F. M. — Report on the Season’s Observations, and es¬ 
pecially upon Corn Insects. (Rept. [U. S. ] Commiss* 
Agric. 1887, p. 151.) 
Chinch bugs observed in considerable numbers in March, 1887, in 
Tensas Parish, La., about young corn, pairing and ovipositing. Said 
to do considerable injury at times. The only small grain in the lo¬ 
cality where they were observed was an occasional field of fall 
oats or millet. 
Bruner, Lawrence. —Report on the Season’s Observations in 
Nebraska. Chinch Bug. (Rept. [U. S.] Commissioner 
Agric., 1887, p. 165.) 
Rumors of chinch-bug depredations were circulating the second 
week in July, and a week later it was known that their ravages 
were not confined to Nebraska but extended into Kansas, Mis¬ 
souri, Iowa, portions of Illinois, Minnesota, and Southeastern 
Dakota. Meteorological conditions were favorable to the most 
complete development of the bug, comparatively few natural ene¬ 
mies were present, and especially in portions of Nebraska, Iowa, 
and Kansas there is always great carelessness with regard to rub¬ 
bish. After the bugs have become a pest the only effectual 
remedy is wet weather, which induces disease and dissolution. It 
can be held in check by clean farming, burning rubbish in late 
fall, winter, or early spring, protection of birds,—especially quails. 
