6 
EUROPEAN ACCOUNTS. 
In the present incomplete state of our knowledge of the habits 
and history of this insect and of the variety and extent of its 
injuries, some of the particulars of its European history will 
serve at least a temporary purpose. 
Over fiftv years ago it was recognized in Germany as injurious 
to the apple, and the best biography of it which I have yet seen 
is that published bv Schmidberger in 1837 in Kollar’s Treatise 
on Insectshis relation being based on the methodical observa¬ 
tion of specimens bred in apple twigs for one entire year, from 
May, 1834, to May, 1835. 1 
According to the fullest European account of their injuries 
within my reach as I write,—that contained in Taschenberg sj 
Practical Entomology,—these beetles infest, in Germany, the 
apple, plum, cherry, peach, and quince, occurring more frequently 
in the branches than in the trunk. The adult makes its appear¬ 
ance in May, but fresh burrows may be found as late as October, 
—a fact which may be explained either as an indication of a 
second brood, or of long-continued injuries by a single general 
tion. The female perforates the bark and, after pairing m the 
anterior part of her nearly vertical breeding chamber, burrows 
longitudinally, laying eggs to the right and left as she goes. 
The larvae hatching, eat laterally outward, forming nearly 
straight channels, furrowing the sap wood more or less, unless 
the bark be thick, and forming finally a, pupal chamber in the 
wood. Larvae from the eggs earliest laid are said by Taschen-i 
berg to complete their transformations by the end of June, a 
statement quite at variance with that of Schmidberger, whose 
beetles laid eggs in May, which, kept in his warm living room, 
did not finish their development until the following February, 
and did not come forth for further reproduction until April and 
May. 
The only remedies suggested are the special care and fertiliza¬ 
tion of trees to enable them to repel the attack of the beetles, 
the destruction, in whole or in part, of trees seriously infestedJ 
or, in the case of especially valuable ones, protection by lasting! 
repel 1 ants applied to the trunks and branches. 
Kal ten bach, Eiclioff, Dobner, Goureau, and Giard add nothing) 
decisive or important to this account except to give the hawj 
thorn, elm, and mountain ash in the list of trees infested, and 
to increase by their statements the probabilities of two annual^ 
broods of the beetles instead of the single one reported bd 
Schmidberger. 
INJURIES TO VEGETATION. 
The trees now reported subject to injury by this insect ard 
plums of various varieties, cherry, apricot, peach, pear,, apple,| 
and quince, among the fruits, besides the elm, mountain ash,; 
and European hawthorn. Our personal observations and the. 
