20 
1873. 
Girard, Maurice.— Les Insectes. Traite Elementaire d’Ento- 
mologie. Introduction: Coleopteres, p. 640. 
S. rugulosus lives under bark of diseased pear, apple, pluin,. 
and apricot trees. Valuable discussion of injuries by Scolytidae 
in general given on pages 636-640. Perris, Goureau, and Bois- 
duval in France, Liebich, Lineker, Thierisch, Wiegmann, 
Krutsch, etc., in Germany, and Wallace in England, believe 
that scolytids attack only trees already diseased. Others, in¬ 
cluding the older entomologists Gmelin, Illiger, and Batzeburg, 
have taken the opposite view. 
1879. 
Taschenberg, E. L. — Einfuhrung in die Insekten-Kunde, p. 
246. 
Brief description of beetle. Infests apple, plum, cherry, peach, 
and quince. Beetles appear in May, but freshlv-made burrows 
can also be found in October. Breeding and oviposition and 
habits of larva and pupa summarily treated. Transformation 
of larvae from first-laid eggs completed by end t)f June. Author 
thinks autumnal burrows may be made bv these firstlings of the 
brood, and that those from eggs later laid hibernate as larvae ; 
to breed in spring. Notices Schmidberger’s account of the life 
history. [See above.] Kemedies are (1) special care and nour¬ 
ishment of trees attacked, since it is known that the beetles 
select by preference, for breeding, places where the sap flows 
slowly, like knots, the beginnings of branches, etc.; (2). remov¬ 
al and destruction of undermined bark about the middle of 
July, or of the whole tree in cases of hopeless injury; and (3) 
for the protection of especially valuable trees the application of 
a mixture of fresh cow-dung, "tobacco-infusion, bullock’s blood, 
and slaked lime. 
1881. 
Eichoff, W.—Die Europaischen Borkenkafer, pp. 157, 158. 
Author describes beetle and figures denuded branch of plum 
illustrating its injuries. Hibernates and breeds under the bark 
of diseased plum, apple, pear, and cherry, and also hawthorn 
and elm, soon killing the parts attacked. Bepeatedly found 
hibernating as larva, but by xMay both pupae and imagos may 
be found. Suspects two generations. Advises removal and 
burning of all diseased branches. 
1884. ■ | 
Tozzetti, x4d. Targioni. —Coleotteri agrari. (Annali di Agricoltura 
[Italy] 1884, p. 342.) 
S. rugulosus attacks especially fruit-trees, excavating short 
galleries under the bark rather deep in the alburnum. 
